【摘要】：現(xiàn)階段碳纖維復(fù)合材料鉆削加工產(chǎn)生切屑的排出方式,仍然以人工手持吸塵器排屑為主,這種排屑方式效率低,降低CFRP制孔質(zhì)量且污染環(huán)境,吸氣式內(nèi)排屑鉆削刀具作為吸氣式自排屑系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,它能夠有效地解決CFRP切屑無(wú)法及時(shí)排出的問(wèn)題,已成為現(xiàn)階段國(guó)內(nèi)外CFRP鉆削加工排屑技術(shù)研究的重點(diǎn),而如何在保證其排屑性能的前提下選擇合理鉆削加工參數(shù)與排屑負(fù)壓具有重要的實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值與切實(shí)的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。首先,闡述吸氣式內(nèi)排屑系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)組成與工作原理,對(duì)CFRP鉆削過(guò)程中影響排屑效率的各因素加以分析,以自主研制的CFRP鉆削專用聚晶金剛石內(nèi)排屑刀具為研究對(duì)象,建立排屑仿真的流動(dòng)控制方程,內(nèi)排屑刀具流道內(nèi)湍流模型,近壁區(qū)模型。其次,在研究CFRP切屑性質(zhì)的基礎(chǔ)上,計(jì)算切屑顆粒在排屑流道內(nèi)的排屑?xì)饬魉俣?基于流體仿真軟件Fluent、三維建模軟件建立內(nèi)排屑刀具三維流道模型,使用Gambit劃分網(wǎng)格,對(duì)內(nèi)排屑鉆削刀具進(jìn)行流體力學(xué)仿真。仿真過(guò)程中使用壓力耦合算法SIMPLEC求解計(jì)算方程,實(shí)現(xiàn)刀具內(nèi)氣流場(chǎng)的數(shù)值模擬,獲得壓力、速度與湍動(dòng)能分布情況,進(jìn)而對(duì)內(nèi)排屑刀具的排屑特性進(jìn)行分析研究。再次,內(nèi)排屑鉆削刀具的轉(zhuǎn)速與出口負(fù)壓的變化會(huì)對(duì)內(nèi)排屑刀具排屑的效果產(chǎn)生影響,進(jìn)而發(fā)生堵屑或切屑無(wú)法排出的現(xiàn)象,根據(jù)CFRP切屑顆粒排屑過(guò)程的瞬時(shí)受力分析,應(yīng)用流體仿真軟件Fluent建立排屑估算模型,得到了自主研制的CFRP鉆削專用聚晶金剛石內(nèi)排屑刀具出口負(fù)壓值、刀具轉(zhuǎn)速與排屑性能之間的關(guān)系,預(yù)測(cè)了該刀具的排屑性能。最后,通過(guò)真空發(fā)生器完成吸氣泵的改造,進(jìn)而完成鉆削機(jī)床的改造,搭建CFRP吸氣式內(nèi)排屑鉆削試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng),在設(shè)計(jì)工況下,通過(guò)對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)比不同工況下CFRP實(shí)際鉆削過(guò)程產(chǎn)生切屑排出的時(shí)間與切屑排出效果,對(duì)所研制的內(nèi)排屑刀具排屑性能進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),檢驗(yàn)仿真結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性。
[Abstract]:At the present stage, the main way to discharge chips produced by drilling of carbon fiber composite materials is the hand-held vacuum cleaner, which is inefficient, reduces the quality of CFRP hole making and pollutes the environment. As an important part of the air-suction self-draining system, the air-suction internal chip drilling tool can effectively solve the problem that CFRP chip can not be discharged in time. It has become the focus of the research on the chip removal technology of CFRP drilling at home and abroad at present. How to select reasonable drilling parameters and chip negative pressure under the premise of ensuring its chip removal performance has important practical value and practical significance. First of all, the structure and working principle of the suction internal chip removal system are described. The factors that affect the chip removal efficiency during CFRP drilling are analyzed. The special polycrystalline diamond chip removal tool developed by ourselves for CFRP drilling is taken as the research object. The flow control equation of chip removal simulation was established, the turbulence model in the flow channel of internal chip discharging tool and the near wall model were established. Secondly, on the basis of studying the properties of CFRP chip, the velocity of chip draining gas flow in the chip discharge channel is calculated. Based on the 3D modeling software of Fluent, the three-dimensional flow channel model of the chip discharging tool is established, and the mesh is divided by Gambit. The hydrodynamic simulation of internal chip drilling tool is carried out. In the process of simulation, the pressure coupling algorithm SIMPLEC is used to solve the calculation equation, and the numerical simulation of the air flow field in the tool is realized. The distribution of pressure, velocity and turbulent kinetic energy is obtained, and the chip removal characteristics of the cutting tool are analyzed and studied. Thirdly, the change of rotary speed and outlet negative pressure of internal chip drilling tool will affect the chip removal effect of internal chip removal tool, and then the phenomenon of blocking chip or chip cannot be discharged will occur. According to the instantaneous force analysis of CFRP chip particle discharge process, the change of cutting tool speed and outlet negative pressure will affect the chip removal effect of internal chip removal tool. By using the fluid simulation software Fluent to establish the chip removal estimation model, the negative pressure value at the outlet of the internal chip removal tool for CFRP drilling for polycrystalline diamond, the relationship between the tool speed and the chip removal performance are obtained, and the chip removal performance of the tool is predicted. Finally, through the vacuum generator to complete the transformation of the suction pump, and then to complete the transformation of drilling machine tools, build the CFRP air-breathing internal chip drilling test system, under the design conditions, By comparing the time and effect of chip ejection in the actual drilling process of CFRP under different operating conditions, the chip removal performance of the developed inner chip discharging tool is evaluated and the accuracy of the simulation results is verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TB332

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