低含量短碳纖維增強(qiáng)鋁基復(fù)合材料的制備工藝探索及性能研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-10-16 21:19
【摘要】:碳纖維增強(qiáng)鋁基復(fù)合材料具有密度小,比強(qiáng)度、比剛度高,良好的塑性和低熱膨脹系數(shù)等特點(diǎn),在航空航天和汽車領(lǐng)域有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。本文分別采用熱壓燒結(jié)法和坩堝爐熔煉+磁懸浮真空重熔法制備了3mm短碳纖維增強(qiáng)2024鋁基復(fù)合材料。利用光學(xué)顯微鏡、掃描電子顯微鏡和EDS能譜和XRD分析技術(shù)分析了材料組織微觀特征,采用阿基米德原理對(duì)材料的密度進(jìn)行了測(cè)量,采用維氏硬度、拉伸試驗(yàn)以及加載卸載法測(cè)量了復(fù)合材料的常規(guī)力學(xué)性能和微屈服強(qiáng)度。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):采用真空熱壓燒結(jié)法制備復(fù)合材料,最佳制備工藝為450℃燒結(jié)溫度、50分鐘燒結(jié)時(shí)間和50MPa燒結(jié)壓力。所制備的復(fù)合材料致密度高,晶粒細(xì)小,實(shí)際密度接近理論密度。短碳纖維大部分呈小角度沿?zé)釅簤毫Υ怪狈较蚺挪?與ɑ鋁基體的界面結(jié)合良好。真空熱壓燒結(jié)法制備的復(fù)合材料及2024基體合金的峰值時(shí)效處理工藝(T6工藝)為495℃×2h+180℃×10h。峰時(shí)效處理后,3%質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)鍍銅碳纖維制備的復(fù)合材料硬度值最大,為167.8HV,較2024基體合金提高10.5%。但是由于短碳纖維表面的鍍銅層和Al相互擴(kuò)散,鍍銅短碳纖維表面出現(xiàn)Al2Cu和AlCu金屬間化合物的脆性相,在受力后易于脆斷,降低了碳纖維與鋁基體的結(jié)合強(qiáng)度,使復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能下降。真空熱壓燒結(jié)法制備的短碳纖維增強(qiáng)C_f/2024鋁基復(fù)合材料的熱膨脹系數(shù)較2024基體合金有顯著降低;鍍銅碳纖維增強(qiáng)鋁基復(fù)合材料的熱膨脹系數(shù)低于相同質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的無(wú)鍍層碳纖維制備的復(fù)合材料。原因在于鍍銅層形成的較強(qiáng)結(jié)合界面對(duì)基體膨脹的約束作用更大。磁懸浮重熔不改變傳統(tǒng)坩堝熔體攪拌法制備的C_f/2024Sc鋁基復(fù)合材料中碳纖維在基體中的分布和與基體的結(jié)合,重熔后的復(fù)合材料中的雜質(zhì)含量降低、晶界脆性相減少,基體的晶粒尺寸細(xì)化,因此,可以進(jìn)一步提高復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能,表明坩堝爐熔煉后再進(jìn)行磁懸浮重熔對(duì)3%C_f/2024Sc的力學(xué)性能改善有利。熔體攪拌熔煉法制備的C_f/2024Sc鋁基復(fù)合材料的強(qiáng)度、塑性均高于熱壓燒結(jié)法制備的復(fù)合材料。磁懸浮重熔復(fù)合材料的抗拉強(qiáng)度、屈服強(qiáng)度和彈性模量分別達(dá)到505.0MPa、415.3MPa和82.3GPa,均高于傳統(tǒng)熔體攪拌法制備的復(fù)合材料。不管是否經(jīng)過(guò)磁懸浮重熔,復(fù)合材料的微屈服行為相似,微屈服強(qiáng)度隨終時(shí)效時(shí)間的變化規(guī)律均與準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)抗拉強(qiáng)度、屈服強(qiáng)度變化規(guī)律相似。經(jīng)過(guò)峰值時(shí)效處理后,磁懸浮重熔材料的微屈服強(qiáng)度達(dá)到310MPa,較坩堝爐熔煉復(fù)合材料提高了11.8%。
[Abstract]:Carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites have the advantages of low density, high specific strength, high specific stiffness, good plasticity and low coefficient of thermal expansion. In this paper, 3mm short carbon fiber reinforced 2024 aluminum matrix composites were prepared by hot pressing sintering and magnetic levitation vacuum remelting in crucible furnace. The microstructure of the material was analyzed by means of optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, EDS spectroscopy and XRD analysis. The density of the material was measured by Archimedes principle, and Vickers hardness was used. The conventional mechanical properties and micro-yield strength of the composites were measured by tensile test and loading and unloading method. It is found that the best preparation process is the sintering temperature of 450 鈩,
本文編號(hào):2275659
[Abstract]:Carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites have the advantages of low density, high specific strength, high specific stiffness, good plasticity and low coefficient of thermal expansion. In this paper, 3mm short carbon fiber reinforced 2024 aluminum matrix composites were prepared by hot pressing sintering and magnetic levitation vacuum remelting in crucible furnace. The microstructure of the material was analyzed by means of optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, EDS spectroscopy and XRD analysis. The density of the material was measured by Archimedes principle, and Vickers hardness was used. The conventional mechanical properties and micro-yield strength of the composites were measured by tensile test and loading and unloading method. It is found that the best preparation process is the sintering temperature of 450 鈩,
本文編號(hào):2275659
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