【摘要】：竹子是一種生長速度很快的可再生資源,除了簡單的竹材應用之處,它還可為工業(yè)領域提供多種重要原料及多種替代能源。因而,在目前全球正著力應對化石能源枯竭及環(huán)境污染兩大危機之際,竹材被寄予了深厚的期望。竹子經(jīng)高溫無氧干餾處理之后可生成竹炭,在制備竹炭過程中產(chǎn)生的竹醋液經(jīng)數(shù)月時間靜置后得到黑色粘稠狀并帶有煙熏味的竹焦油。如果不對竹焦油進行處理而直接置于環(huán)境中的話,會造成嚴重的二次污染,因此必須尋找一種有效的方法將其進行合理的應用。由GC-MS分析可知,竹焦油中含有多種有機化合物,其中大多為芳香族和酚類化合物,認為為竹焦油可應用于縮合多環(huán)芳香烴樹脂(CoPNA)的合成首先,竹焦油與交聯(lián)劑對苯二甲醇在對甲苯磺酸的催化作用下生成竹焦油基COPNA樹脂,設計正交實驗討論竹焦油與交聯(lián)劑比例(料劑比)、反應溫度、反應時間以及催化劑含量對樹脂性能的影響,最終確定最佳條件是料劑比0.6、反應溫度130℃、催化劑5%、反應時間5h。因料劑比對樹脂性能的影響最大,后續(xù)就料劑比對樹脂性能的影響展開了進一步的研究,分析表明0.6的確為最佳料劑比。隨后,對樹脂的應用進行了深入的研究,本文利用高溫發(fā)泡工藝將竹焦油樹脂成功制備得到竹焦油樹脂基泡沫炭,并討論了樹脂前驅(qū)體的性質(zhì)及后期的炭化溫度對泡沫炭性能和形貌的影響。竹焦油樹脂基泡沫炭的室溫熱導率可達0.071Wm*k;壓縮強度達到7.66MPa;泡沫炭的孔徑分布在1-501μm之間；泡沫炭的抗氧化性能很高,空氣氣氛下于525℃才開始大量失重；泡沫炭的結(jié)構(gòu)主要以無定型碳質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)為主；因此竹焦油樹脂基泡沫炭是一種各方面性能不錯的隔熱材料,有望廣泛應用于高溫隔熱領域。最后,本文對竹焦油樹脂基泡沫炭-RF炭氣凝膠復合材料的制備進行了初步探索。利用氣凝膠前驅(qū)體浸漬泡沫炭的方法,經(jīng)溶膠-凝膠反應、老化、溶劑轉(zhuǎn)換、干燥、炭化處理工藝,成功將氣凝膠填充進泡沫炭骨架中。氣凝膠的填入可降低復合材料的熱導率約7.79%,從而提高復合材料的隔熱性能。
[Abstract]:Bamboo is a kind of renewable resource with rapid growth rate. In addition to the simple application of bamboo, it can also provide a variety of important raw materials and alternative energy for the industrial field. Therefore, at a time when the world is dealing with the two major crises of fossil energy depletion and environmental pollution, bamboo has been placed deep expectations. Bamboo charcoal can be produced after high temperature anaerobic distillation. Bamboo vinegar produced in the process of bamboo charcoal preparation can be used to produce black sticky bamboo tar with smoky flavor after several months of statics. If bamboo tar is not treated and placed directly in the environment, it will cause serious secondary pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to find an effective method for its rational application. According to GC-MS analysis, bamboo tar contains a variety of organic compounds, most of which are aromatic and phenolic compounds. It is considered that bamboo tar can be used in the synthesis of condensed polycyclic aromatic resin (CoPNA). Bamboo tar based COPNA resin was formed from bamboo tar and crosslinking agent p-benzenediol under the catalysis of p-toluene sulfonic acid. The ratio of bamboo tar to crosslinking agent (the ratio of binder and crosslinking agent) and reaction temperature were discussed by orthogonal experiment. The effects of reaction time and catalyst content on the resin properties were studied. The optimum conditions were determined as follows: the ratio of catalyst to agent was 0.6, the reaction temperature was 130 鈩，

本文編號：2267686