【摘要】：隨著材料科學(xué)的快速發(fā)展,人們對(duì)材料性能的要求隨之提高,即需要開發(fā)出更多的新型材料。無容器技術(shù)因其獨(dú)有的特性,在新型材料的開發(fā)領(lǐng)域具有顯著的優(yōu)勢(shì)。結(jié)合以往的研究和各種無容器技術(shù)的特點(diǎn),本文提出基于高頻電磁和超聲駐波混合懸浮的方式對(duì)材料進(jìn)行無容器熔煉和凝固。首先概述了電磁懸浮技術(shù)和超聲駐波懸浮技術(shù)的原理、研究現(xiàn)狀和應(yīng)用,以及在電磁懸浮熔煉后常用的無容器凝固方式。設(shè)計(jì)了電控調(diào)節(jié)平臺(tái),實(shí)現(xiàn)了實(shí)驗(yàn)樣品在超聲駐波懸浮和電磁懸浮中的懸浮位置重合以及調(diào)節(jié)混合實(shí)驗(yàn)中的反射端。根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?通過ANSYS軟件對(duì)不同凹球面半徑的輻射端和反射端組合進(jìn)行仿真分析,得出能提供較大聲壓值的組合方式。根據(jù)球形樣品在多匝線圈中所受懸浮力理論,對(duì)目前常用的四種感應(yīng)線圈類型進(jìn)行MATLAB仿真,得出各種類型線圈的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)與樣品所受懸浮力之間的關(guān)系及各類型線圈之間的差異。通過仿真分析得出:隨著懸浮線圈最初匝半徑、穩(wěn)定線圈匝數(shù)、懸浮線圈半錐角和穩(wěn)定線圈半錐角的增加,四種類型線圈的懸浮力都非線性減小;隨著平面間距、線圈匝間距和懸浮線圈匝數(shù)的增加,四種類型線圈的懸浮力都非線性增加;圓柱形線圈提供的懸浮力一般大于螺線形線圈。此外,通過實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與仿真結(jié)果相一致。通過MAXWELL對(duì)感應(yīng)線圈進(jìn)行電磁渦流場(chǎng)分析,并把計(jì)算得到的電磁渦流場(chǎng)作為ANSYS瞬態(tài)溫度場(chǎng)分析的熱源進(jìn)行聯(lián)合仿真。仿真結(jié)果表明:隨著穩(wěn)定線圈匝數(shù)、懸浮線圈半錐角和穩(wěn)定線圈半錐角的增加,懸浮樣品最高溫度減小;隨著懸浮位置的增加,懸浮樣品最高溫度增加,即線圈底部比其他位置的溫度更高;隨著樣品半徑的增加,懸浮樣品最高溫度顯現(xiàn)先增加后減小的趨勢(shì)。其中最初匝半徑、平面間距、匝間距、懸浮線圈匝數(shù)對(duì)樣品最高溫度的影響比較小。此外,通過實(shí)驗(yàn)初步驗(yàn)證了實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與仿真結(jié)果相一致。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了感應(yīng)線圈結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和樣品尺寸與實(shí)驗(yàn)樣品穩(wěn)定性之間的關(guān)系:較小直徑的實(shí)驗(yàn)樣品穩(wěn)定性比較好,在一定錐度范圍內(nèi)懸浮線圈半錐角越大穩(wěn)定性越好以及類型四的穩(wěn)定性最好。搭建了基于高頻電磁和超聲駐波混合懸浮的實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置,混合裝置主要包括超聲駐波懸浮裝置、高頻電磁懸浮裝置、循環(huán)水裝置、氬氣氛圍裝置和電控調(diào)節(jié)平臺(tái)五個(gè)部分。在空氣中和氬氣氛圍中分別對(duì)低熔點(diǎn)的錫樣品及熔點(diǎn)高的鋁樣品進(jìn)行懸浮熔煉和冷卻凝固實(shí)驗(yàn),實(shí)現(xiàn)了金屬在熔煉和冷卻凝固過程中徹底的無容器。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of material science, the requirement of material properties is raised, that is, more new materials need to be developed. Because of its unique characteristics, containerless technology has significant advantages in the development of new materials. Based on the previous research and the characteristics of various containerless technologies, this paper presents a method of non-vessel melting and solidification based on the hybrid suspension of high frequency electromagnetic and ultrasonic standing wave. Firstly, the principle, research status and application of electromagnetic levitation technology and ultrasonic standing wave suspension technology, as well as the usual containerless solidification methods after electromaglev melting are summarized. The electronic control platform is designed to realize the coincidence of the suspension position of the experimental samples in the ultrasonic standing wave levitation and the electric magnetic levitation and to adjust the reflector in the mixed experiment. According to the experimental purpose, the combination of radiator and reflector of different concave spherical radius is simulated and analyzed by ANSYS software, and the combination mode which can provide larger sound pressure value is obtained. Based on the suspension force theory of spherical samples in multi-turn coils, four kinds of induction coils are simulated by MATLAB. The relationship between the structure parameters of various types of coils and the levitation force of the samples and the differences between the different types of coils are obtained. The simulation results show that with the increase of the initial turn radius, the number of stable coil turns, the half cone angle of suspension coil and the half cone angle of stabilized coil, the levitation force of four types of coils decreases nonlinear with the plane spacing. The levitation force of the four types of coils increases nonlinearly with the increase of the coil spacing and the number of hoisting coils, and the suspension force provided by cylindrical coils is generally greater than that provided by spiral coils. In addition, the experimental results are in agreement with the simulation results. The electromagnetic eddy current field of induction coil is analyzed by MAXWELL, and the calculated electromagnetic eddy current field is used as the heat source of ANSYS transient temperature field analysis. The simulation results show that the maximum temperature of the suspension sample decreases with the increase of the number of stable coil turns, the half cone angle of the suspension coil and the half cone angle of the stabilized coil, and the maximum temperature of the suspended sample increases with the increase of the suspension position. That is, the temperature at the bottom of the coil is higher than that at other locations, and with the increase of the sample radius, the maximum temperature of the suspended sample increases first and then decreases. Among them, the initial turn radius, plane spacing, turn spacing and the number of turns of suspension coil have little effect on the maximum temperature of the sample. In addition, the experimental results are in agreement with the simulation results. The relationship between the structure parameters and sample size of the induction coil and the stability of the experimental sample is studied experimentally: the stability of the experimental sample with smaller diameter is better than that of the experimental sample. In a certain taper range, the stability of suspension coil is better as the half cone angle is larger and the stability of type 4 is the best. The experimental equipment based on high frequency electromagnetic and ultrasonic standing wave mixed suspension is built. The mixing device mainly includes ultrasonic standing wave suspension device, high frequency electric magnetic levitation device, circulating water device, argon atmosphere device and electronic control adjusting platform. Suspension melting and cooling solidification experiments were carried out on tin samples with low melting point and aluminum samples with high melting point in air and argon atmosphere respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TB30

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