【摘要】：連續(xù)纖維增強(qiáng)SiC基復(fù)合材料具有較高的比強(qiáng)度和比模量、低密度等特性,同時擁有耐高溫、抗氧化等優(yōu)異性能,已廣泛應(yīng)用于航空航天、汽車及核工業(yè)等領(lǐng)域�；祀s纖維復(fù)合材料不僅保留著單種纖維增強(qiáng)復(fù)合材料的優(yōu)點,更具有單種纖維增強(qiáng)復(fù)合材料不能實現(xiàn)的效果,在力學(xué)性能、摩擦性能、熱性能等方面展示出獨(dú)特性。但是,混雜纖維復(fù)合材料在陶瓷基復(fù)合材料中的研究和應(yīng)用鮮有報道。本文開展了2D混編碳纖維和碳化硅纖維增強(qiáng)SiC基復(fù)合材料剛度預(yù)測;制備層間混編碳纖維和碳化硅纖維增強(qiáng)SiC基復(fù)合材料,對所制備的混編復(fù)合材料拉伸性能和彎曲性能進(jìn)行了測試表征及分析;且制備純SiC基體,測量其工程常數(shù)應(yīng)用于復(fù)合材料剛度計算;最后,對比其拉伸模量的計算值和實驗值。通過采用蛋白發(fā)泡工藝制備SiC基體骨架,以低分子液態(tài)聚碳硅烷(LPVCS)為先驅(qū)體,采用PIP工藝制備與復(fù)合材料中基體類似的純SiC基體。采用壓汞法對制備過程中SiC基體的密度、孔隙率和孔隙分布進(jìn)行分析,SiC基體的最終密度為2.6g/cm3,孔隙率為23.6%。采用彎曲共振法測量SiC基體工程常數(shù),SiC基體的楊氏模量為36.6GPa,剪切模量為6.1GPa,泊松比為1.9。對2D混編預(yù)制件的混編方式進(jìn)行設(shè)計,提出合理的混編復(fù)合材料單胞模型;根據(jù)不同的單胞模型,對單胞內(nèi)纖維的空間形狀進(jìn)行分析;考慮陶瓷基復(fù)合材料界面層對其力學(xué)性能的影響,運(yùn)用平均剛度法對混編復(fù)合材料剛度進(jìn)行預(yù)測。通過所制備的混編復(fù)合材料拉伸模量預(yù)測值和實驗值的對比發(fā)現(xiàn),例如,碳纖維與碳化硅纖維層數(shù)比為1:5時,模量計算值和預(yù)測值分別為47.5MPa和40.4MPa,在誤差和實驗可能存在的原因內(nèi)預(yù)測模型較為合理。通過混編復(fù)合材料的彎曲和拉伸性能進(jìn)行測試表征發(fā)現(xiàn),碳纖維與碳化硅纖維層數(shù)比為1:5的混編復(fù)合材料彎曲和拉伸強(qiáng)度分別為572.1MPa和111.1MPa,SiC/SiC復(fù)合材料的彎曲和拉伸強(qiáng)度分別為512.6MPa和102.9MPa,說明少量碳纖維的加入使SiC/SiC復(fù)合材料的強(qiáng)度得到了提高。觀察復(fù)合材料應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變曲線發(fā)現(xiàn),混編復(fù)合材料在斷裂過程中出現(xiàn)多次斷裂。
[Abstract]:Continuous fiber reinforced SiC matrix composites have been widely used in aerospace, automobile and nuclear industry because of their high specific strength and modulus, low density, high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance and so on. Hybrid fiber composites not only retain the advantages of single fiber reinforced composites, but also have effects that can not be realized by single fiber reinforced composites. The hybrid fiber composites exhibit unique mechanical properties, friction properties and thermal properties. However, the research and application of hybrid fiber composites in ceramic matrix composites are rarely reported. In this paper, the stiffness prediction of 2D carbon fiber and silicon carbide fiber reinforced SiC matrix composites was carried out, and interlaminar carbon fiber and silicon carbide fiber reinforced SiC matrix composites were prepared. The tensile properties and flexural properties of the composites were tested and analyzed, and the pure SiC matrix was prepared. The engineering constants were measured and applied to the stiffness calculation of the composites. Finally, the calculated and experimental values of the tensile modulus of the composites were compared. The matrix skeleton of SiC was prepared by protein foaming process. The pure SiC matrix similar to the matrix in the composites was prepared by PIP process using low molecular weight liquid polycarbosilane (LPVCS) as precursor. The density, porosity and pore distribution of SiC matrix were analyzed by mercury injection method. The final density and porosity of sic matrix were 2.6g / cm ~ 3 and 23.6g 路cm ~ (-3), respectively. The Young's modulus, shear modulus and Poisson's ratio of SiC matrix engineering constant and sic matrix are 36.6 GPA, 6.1 GPA and 1.9, respectively, measured by bending resonance method. In this paper, the blending mode of 2D preforms is designed, and a reasonable unit cell model of composite material is proposed, and the spatial shape of fiber in the cell is analyzed according to different unit cell models. Considering the influence of interfacial layer on mechanical properties of ceramic matrix composites, the average stiffness method was used to predict the stiffness of composite materials. By comparing the predicted and experimental values of tensile modulus of the prepared composite, for example, when the ratio of layers of carbon fiber to silicon carbide fiber is 1:5, The calculated and predicted modulus values are 47.5MPa and 40.4 MPa, respectively. The prediction model is reasonable within the error and the possible reasons of the experiment. The bending and tensile properties of the composites were measured and characterized. The flexural and tensile strength of the composite with 1:5 ratio of carbon fiber to silicon carbide fiber is 572.1MPa and 111.1 MPA sic / sic respectively. The bending and tensile strength of the composites are 512.6MPa and 102.9 MPa, respectively, indicating that the strength of SiC/SiC composites is improved by adding a small amount of carbon fiber. By observing the stress-strain curves of composite materials, it is found that multiple fracture occurs in the fracture process of hybrid composites.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：國防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB332;TQ342.742

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