【摘要】：近年來,溢油事故頻發(fā),海上的浮油每年都會(huì)殺死數(shù)以萬計(jì)的海洋生物,對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成無法挽回的破壞。利用高性能油水分離材料進(jìn)行海面油污處理是最經(jīng)濟(jì)、最高效的方法之一。本文以廉價(jià)易得的不銹鋼網(wǎng)為基底,以低密度聚乙烯、碳化硅、聚四氟乙烯、硬脂酸為主要改性劑,通過浸泡法、刻蝕法等方法制備出了疏水親油的不銹鋼網(wǎng)。用掃描電子顯微鏡,X射線光電子能譜,紅外線光譜和能譜儀等測(cè)試手段對(duì)改性后不銹鋼網(wǎng)的表面微結(jié)構(gòu)和化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行了表征,用OCA20接觸角測(cè)試儀測(cè)試了改性后不銹鋼網(wǎng)的疏水性能。研究了改性后不銹鋼網(wǎng)的油水分離效率,油水分離速率,耐腐蝕性以及可重復(fù)使用性能,并設(shè)計(jì)了油水分離裝置,結(jié)果表明：1.以不銹鋼網(wǎng)為基底,以低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)為改性劑,采用浸泡法制備了LDPE改性的不銹鋼網(wǎng)。當(dāng)?shù)兔芏染垡蚁┑臐舛葹?5.12g/L時(shí),不銹鋼網(wǎng)對(duì)水的接觸角為125°。在低密度聚乙烯溶液中添加碳化硅(SiC)或者聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)顆粒,能夠使改性后的不銹鋼網(wǎng)對(duì)水的接觸角分別達(dá)到139°和142°。2.用三氯化鐵溶液對(duì)不銹鋼網(wǎng)進(jìn)行刻蝕,刻蝕后的不銹鋼網(wǎng)具有微米-納米復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的粗糙表面。然后以正十八硫醇(ODT)為改性劑,使用浸泡法對(duì)刻蝕后的不銹鋼網(wǎng)進(jìn)行表面改性,當(dāng)正十八硫醇的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為0.1%時(shí),改性后的不銹鋼網(wǎng)對(duì)水的接觸角可以達(dá)到150°,具有超疏水性。實(shí)驗(yàn)還證明,ODT改性后的不銹鋼網(wǎng)具有很好的耐腐蝕性能和可重復(fù)使用性能。以O(shè)DT改性不銹鋼網(wǎng)為核心的油水分離裝置,油水分離效率達(dá)98.5%,油水分離速率達(dá)1900L·min-1·m-2,基本上可以滿足海上溢油回收作業(yè)的要求,具有廣闊的實(shí)際應(yīng)用前景。3.以不銹鋼網(wǎng)為基底,以硬脂酸為改性劑,采用浸泡法制備了疏水親油的不銹鋼網(wǎng),當(dāng)硬脂酸的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為0.1%時(shí),不銹鋼網(wǎng)對(duì)水的接觸角可達(dá)到145°硬脂酸改性后的不銹鋼網(wǎng)可以加工成“小船”模型,實(shí)驗(yàn)證明,用硬脂酸改性的不銹鋼網(wǎng)所制備的“小船”模型具有高達(dá)98.8%的油水分離效率。
[Abstract]:In recent years, oil spills occur frequently. Oil slick kills tens of thousands of marine organisms every year, causing irreparable damage to ecosystems. It is one of the most economical and efficient methods to use high performance oil-water separation material to treat the surface oil pollution. In this paper, the hydrophobic and oil hydrophobic stainless steel mesh was prepared by immersion and etching with low density polyethylene, silicon carbide, polytetrafluoroethylene and stearic acid as the main modifiers on the basis of cheap and easy to obtain stainless steel mesh, and low density polyethylene (LDPE), silicon carbide (sic), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and stearic acid as the main modifiers. The surface microstructure and chemical composition of the modified stainless steel mesh were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and energy spectrometer (EDS). The hydrophobic properties of the modified stainless steel mesh were tested by OCA20 contact angle tester. The oil-water separation efficiency, oil-water separation rate, corrosion resistance and reusability of the modified stainless steel mesh were studied. The oil-water separation device was designed. Stainless steel mesh modified by LDPE was prepared by immersion method with stainless steel mesh as substrate and low density polyethylene (LDPE) as modifier. When the concentration of LDPE is 15.12g/L, the contact angle of stainless steel mesh to water is 125 擄. Adding silicon carbide (SiC) or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particles to the solution of low density polyethylene (LDPE), the contact angles of the modified stainless steel mesh to water reached 139 擄and 142 擄路2 respectively. Stainless steel mesh was etched with ferric trichloride solution. The etched stainless steel net has a rough surface with micron-nano composite structure. Then using n-octadecanol (ODT) as modifier, the etched stainless steel mesh was modified by immersion method. When the mass fraction of n-octadecyl mercaptan was 0.1, the contact angle of the modified stainless steel net to water could reach 150 擄, and it had super hydrophobicity. The results also show that the modified stainless steel mesh has good corrosion resistance and reusability. The oil-water separation device with ODT modified stainless steel mesh as the core, the oil-water separation efficiency reaches 98.55.The oil-water separation rate reaches 1900L min-1 m-2, which can basically meet the requirements of offshore oil spill recovery, and has a broad practical application prospect. Using stainless steel mesh as substrate and stearic acid as modifier, a hydrophobic oil-hydrophilic stainless steel mesh was prepared by soaking method. When the mass fraction of stearic acid was 0.1, The contact angle of stainless steel mesh to water can reach 145 擄stearic acid modified stainless steel mesh can be processed into a "boat" model. The experiment shows that the "boat" model prepared with stainless steel mesh modified by stearic acid has a high oil-water separation efficiency of 98.8%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TB34

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