【摘要】：銅鋁復(fù)合材料具有銅和鋁的優(yōu)良性能,是一種比較先進(jìn)的復(fù)合材料,在許多實(shí)際應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域中廣泛代替了單一的銅金屬和鋁金屬的使用。如今,關(guān)于銅鋁復(fù)合材料的制備技術(shù)也在不斷的研究開發(fā),根據(jù)不同的產(chǎn)品規(guī)格和性能要求,實(shí)現(xiàn)不同的制備方法。現(xiàn)今軋制復(fù)合,浸入復(fù)合法,鑄造復(fù)合法是銅鋁復(fù)合材料的首選方法。銅鋁復(fù)合材料在實(shí)際加工應(yīng)用中通常出現(xiàn)最大的問題就是界面結(jié)合的強(qiáng)度問題。由于制備工藝的落后,制備出的銅鋁復(fù)合材料品質(zhì)差,其界面處可能夾雜著裂紋和裂縫,界面結(jié)合處產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)邊、未融合、夾雜等缺陷,降低了材料強(qiáng)度,在實(shí)際應(yīng)用過程中,會(huì)受到諸如環(huán)境、材料服役狀態(tài)、安裝過程等因素的影響,從而導(dǎo)致出現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品斷裂的情況。目前市場(chǎng)上的銅鋁復(fù)合材料大致分為兩種類型:界面開放和界面封閉的銅鋁復(fù)合材料。界面封閉的銅鋁復(fù)合材料主要是銅鋁包覆類產(chǎn)品,界面開放的銅鋁復(fù)合材料有上下層狀復(fù)合材料、側(cè)向復(fù)合型復(fù)合材料等,層狀復(fù)合材料的制備又多以冷軋復(fù)合為主,通過后續(xù)的熱處理使兩種金屬發(fā)生作用,產(chǎn)生冶金結(jié)合,優(yōu)化其復(fù)合強(qiáng)度。而側(cè)向復(fù)合型復(fù)合材料由于其不同于層狀復(fù)合的機(jī)理,目前關(guān)于此類的相關(guān)研究也較少。固-液復(fù)合法很容易在界面處產(chǎn)生脆性金屬中間化合物,影響界面的結(jié)合強(qiáng)度,而固-固復(fù)合法像爆炸復(fù)合工生產(chǎn)過程具有危險(xiǎn)性,冷軋復(fù)合則適合上下層狀復(fù)合材料的復(fù)合。采用Conclad連續(xù)擠壓法,擠壓溫度在500℃時(shí)擠出成型的側(cè)向復(fù)合型銅鋁復(fù)合材料界面強(qiáng)度高、平直度好,擴(kuò)散界面厚93 μm。進(jìn)而分析銅鋁復(fù)合材料顯微組織和性能,發(fā)現(xiàn)硬度更高的區(qū)域在界面層附近,其抗拉強(qiáng)度是48 Mpa,結(jié)合界面含有銅基體、鋁基體以及銅鋁中間化合物,Cu9Al4、CuAl和CuAl2等金屬中間化合物分布在結(jié)合處由銅向鋁橫向分布。對(duì)Conclad連續(xù)擠壓法制備的側(cè)向復(fù)合型銅鋁復(fù)合材料樣品進(jìn)行不同溫度和保溫時(shí)間狀態(tài)下的退火處理,拉伸剪切法測(cè)其界面結(jié)合強(qiáng)度,利用金相顯微鏡和能譜儀觀察其在不同退火處理?xiàng)l件下銅鋁復(fù)合界面,并分析其不同軋制狀態(tài)下銅鋁界面的結(jié)合強(qiáng)度。結(jié)果表明界面結(jié)合層的寬度與熱處理的溫度和保溫時(shí)間成正相關(guān),隨著復(fù)合界面的寬度的增加界面的結(jié)合強(qiáng)度先增后減,在400℃保溫1 h下銅鋁復(fù)合材料結(jié)合強(qiáng)度最高,冷變形能力強(qiáng),能進(jìn)行后續(xù)的塑形加工。
[Abstract]:Copper-aluminum composite is a relatively advanced composite with excellent properties of copper and aluminum. It has been widely used in many practical applications instead of single copper and aluminum metals. Nowadays, the preparation technology of copper-aluminum composites is also being researched and developed, according to different product specifications and performance requirements, different preparation methods are realized. Nowadays, rolling, immersion and casting are the preferred methods for copper-aluminum composites. The most important problem of copper-aluminum composites in practical processing is the strength of interfacial bonding. Due to the backward preparation process, the quality of the prepared copper-aluminum composite is poor, the interface may be mixed with cracks and cracks, and the interfacial joint may produce defects such as misalignment, unfusion, inclusion, etc., which reduces the strength of the material and is used in the practical application. Will be affected by such factors as the environment, material service status, installation process and other factors, resulting in product fracture. At present, there are two types of copper and aluminum composites in the market: open interface and closed interface. Copper and aluminum composites with closed interface are mainly copper and aluminum coated products. The composite materials with open interface include upper and lower laminated composites, lateral composite materials and so on. The preparation of laminated composites is mainly composed of cold-rolled composites. The metallurgical bonding of the two metals is produced by the subsequent heat treatment, and the composite strength is optimized. However, due to the different mechanism of laminated composites, there are few researches on this kind of composite materials. It is easy to produce brittle metal intermediate compounds at the interface by solid-liquid compounding method, which affects the bonding strength of interface. The solid-solid composite method is dangerous in the production process of explosive composite, and cold-rolled composite is suitable for the composite of upper and lower layers. The lateral composite copper-aluminum composite prepared by Conclad continuous extrusion at 500 鈩，

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