【摘要】：近年來,隨著人們環(huán)保意識(shí)的覺醒和社會(huì)的發(fā)展,人們?cè)絹碓街匾晫?duì)天然纖維的開發(fā)和研究。從植物的莖、葉等部位提取纖維素不論從原料上還是加工過程都受到了人們的密切關(guān)注。棉稈是一種可再生的天然纖維素纖維,它的韌皮中存在較多的韌皮纖維素纖維。因此,提倡開發(fā)利用棉稈,有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。首先,本課題參考麻纖維的化學(xué)成分測(cè)定方法對(duì)棉稈韌皮纖維的各成分含量進(jìn)行了測(cè)定。得出棉稈韌皮的成分含量分別為:纖維素27.965%,半纖維素25.186%,木質(zhì)素23.774%,水溶物17.695%,果膠物質(zhì)3.443%,脂蠟質(zhì)1.973%。并和稻秸稈、亞麻、黃麻等植物的各成分含量進(jìn)行了對(duì)比討論,發(fā)現(xiàn)棉稈韌皮中的半纖維素和木質(zhì)素含量相對(duì)偏高。棉稈韌皮纖維的脫膠采用比較成熟的化學(xué)處理方法,分別討論了不同Na OH濃度、堿煮時(shí)間和堿煮溫度對(duì)脫膠效果的影響。具體的脫膠工藝為:預(yù)處理→烘干→浸酸→水洗→烘干→一次堿煮→水洗→烘干→打纖→二次堿煮→水洗→烘干→打纖→酸洗→水洗→烘干→脫膠棉稈皮纖維。通過對(duì)不同實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下的結(jié)果進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)選擇的工藝條件是:Na OH質(zhì)量濃度為12 g/L,堿煮時(shí)間為90 min,堿煮溫度為90℃。本文采用硝酸-乙醇法和氫氧化鈉法從棉稈韌皮中提取纖維素,分別探討了不同的硝酸-乙醇溶液濃度和氫氧化鈉溶液濃度、煮沸時(shí)間對(duì)提取效果產(chǎn)生的影響。綜合考慮選擇的最佳提取條件是:無水乙醇與濃硝酸的體積比為4:1。此實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下提取的纖維素純度最高為90.67%,提取率為34.26%。再采用不同的方案配制銅氨溶液,并研究了棉稈韌皮纖維素在不同銅氨溶液中的溶解情況,選擇將濃氨水加入到硫酸銅溶液中的方法來配制銅氨溶液。溶解成型的纖維素膜要經(jīng)過塑化處理即在30%的丙三醇溶液中浸泡4 h后取出晾干保存。將丙三醇增塑處理和未處理的纖維素膜進(jìn)行了透光率、力學(xué)性能等的對(duì)比發(fā)現(xiàn),經(jīng)過增塑處理的纖維素膜透光率、力學(xué)性能都有所提高。將纖維素膜與塑料地膜在土壤中的保濕、保溫性能進(jìn)行了對(duì)比,綜合考慮得出纖維素膜更有利于植物生長,而且降解實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,纖維素膜具有良好的降解性能,對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)起到重要作用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the awakening of environmental awareness and social development, people pay more and more attention to the development and research of natural fiber. People pay close attention to extracting cellulose from stem, leaf and other parts of plant, not only from raw material but also from processing process. Cotton stalk is a renewable natural cellulose fiber, and there are more phloem cellulose fibers in its phloem. Therefore, promoting the development and utilization of cotton stalk is conducive to the realization of sustainable development strategy. Firstly, the content of the components of cotton stem phloem fiber was determined by referring to the chemical composition determination method of hemp fiber. The results showed that the components of cotton stem phloem were cellulose 27.965, hemicellulose 25.1866, lignin 23.774, water soluble 17.695g, pectin 3.443cm, lipid wax 1.973. The contents of hemicellulose and lignin in cotton stalk phloem were higher than those in rice straw flax jute and other plants. The effects of different Na OH concentration, alkali cooking time and alkali boiling temperature on the degumming effect of cotton stalk phloem fiber were discussed. The specific degumming process is as follows: preconditioning drying and soaking with acid and water washing, drying and drying the cotton stalk skin fiber. The technological conditions for evaluating the results under different experimental conditions are as follows: mass concentration of 1: na OH is 12 g / L, alkali cooking time is 90 min, alkali boiling temperature is 90 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2219274