【摘要】：含氟復(fù)合材料中由于含有電負(fù)性最強(qiáng)且電子親和勢(shì)較大的氟原子,使其具有憎水憎油、耐化學(xué)品腐蝕、較低的表面能及向空氣-本體表面遷移富集的性能。利用低表面能的含氟復(fù)合粒子表面富集功能對(duì)發(fā)射藥表面進(jìn)行多功能改性,可在提高發(fā)射藥表面防鹽濕耐高溫性能的同時(shí),調(diào)控發(fā)射藥燃燒性能。本文為了探索含氟復(fù)合粒子在發(fā)射藥中的應(yīng)用,首先利用乳液聚合的方法成功制備了不同類型的TiO2／含氟均聚物納米復(fù)合粒子,利用紅外光譜(FT-IR)、透射電鏡(TEM)、粒度分布儀、熱重分析儀(TG)和表面能分析儀(SEA)等方法分別對(duì)所得的納米復(fù)合粒子進(jìn)行了表面結(jié)構(gòu)的測(cè)定、微觀形貌的分析、熱穩(wěn)定性和表面自由能的研究；其次設(shè)計(jì)并制備了含有不同組分的改性發(fā)射藥,通過密閉爆發(fā)器實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了功能助劑含量、發(fā)射藥基體成分、功能助劑氟含量、功能助劑粒徑及藥型對(duì)改性發(fā)射藥燃燒性能的影響；最后利用X-射線能量色譜分析儀(EDS),初步研究了濃度、基體、氟含量及粒徑等參數(shù)對(duì)發(fā)射藥中含氟復(fù)合粒子遷移擴(kuò)散的影響。結(jié)果表明,成功制備了較低表面能的含氟均聚物/Ti02納米復(fù)合粒子,納米復(fù)合粒子呈現(xiàn)規(guī)則的核殼結(jié)構(gòu)。含氟功能助劑的添加和改性發(fā)射藥的成型與現(xiàn)有發(fā)射藥擠壓成型工藝相容。與十二氟功能助劑相比,三氟功能助劑能降低發(fā)射藥的燃速、提高發(fā)射藥的燃燒漸增性。與單基發(fā)射藥相比,十二氟功能助劑對(duì)提高雙基發(fā)射藥燃速有更明顯的效果。三氟功能助劑對(duì)切口桿狀發(fā)射藥燃速的抑制作用比粒狀藥更明顯,對(duì)提高切口藥的漸增性有更明顯的效果。雙基藥中因加入了含能增塑劑等成分削弱了硝化纖維素大分子間相互作用,有利于含氟復(fù)合粒子在基體中的遷移和表面富集。三氟復(fù)合粒子較十二氟復(fù)合粒子在基體中更易遷移,含氟復(fù)合粒子的粒徑越小越易遷移,但與上述氟含量及基體對(duì)表層濃度的影響相比,粒徑對(duì)表層濃度的影響較小,反應(yīng)在發(fā)射藥燃燒性能上的差異也不大。
[Abstract]:The fluorine-containing composites have hydrophobic and oil-repellent chemical corrosion resistance low surface energy and the properties of migration and enrichment to the air-bulk surface due to the strong electronegativity and high electron affinity of fluorine atoms. The surface of propellants can be modified by using the surface enrichment function of low surface energy composite particles containing fluorine, which can improve the salt resistance and high temperature resistance of propellant surface, and control the combustion performance of propellants at the same time. In order to explore the application of fluorine-containing composite particles in propellant, different types of TiO2/ homopolymer nano-composite particles were prepared by emulsion polymerization. Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) (TEM), particle size distribution instrument were used. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and surface energy analyzer (SEA) were used to determine the surface structure, microstructure, thermal stability and surface free energy of the nanoparticles. Secondly, the modified propellants with different components were designed and prepared. The contents of functional additives, matrix components, fluorine contents of functional additives were studied by the airtight exploder. The effects of particle size and type of functional additives on the combustion properties of modified propellants were investigated. Finally, the effects of concentration, matrix, fluorine content and particle size on the migration and diffusion of fluorine-containing composite particles in propellants were preliminarily studied by using X- ray energy chromatograph (EDS),). The results show that the fluorine-containing homopolymer / Ti02 nanocomposite particles with low surface energy have been successfully prepared, and the nano-composite particles have regular core-shell structure. The addition of fluoride-containing functional additives and the molding of modified propellants are compatible with the existing extrusion molding process of propellants. Compared with dodecafluorine, trifluorine can reduce the burning rate of propellants and improve the combustion rate of propellants. Compared with single base propellants, dodecafluorine functional auxiliaries can improve the burning rate of double base propellants. The inhibitory effect of trifluorine on burning rate of notched rod-shaped propellant is more obvious than that of granular agent, and it has more obvious effect on increasing the increasing rate of incisional propellant. The interaction between nitrocellulose macromolecules is weakened by the addition of energetic plasticizer, which is beneficial to the migration and surface enrichment of fluorine-containing composite particles in the matrix. The particle size of fluorine-containing composite particles is smaller and easier to migrate than that of dodecafluorine composite particles. However, compared with the above mentioned fluorine content and the effect of matrix on the surface concentration, the particle size has less effect on the surface layer concentration. There is also little difference in the combustion performance of the propellant.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TB34

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