【摘要】：絕熱材料的導熱系數(shù)測定是當前大專院校熱物理教學過程中的一個重要的基礎(chǔ)性實驗,是一個非常重要的實踐環(huán)節(jié)。根據(jù)所用的思想不同,材料的導熱系數(shù)測量可以分成穩(wěn)態(tài)法與非穩(wěn)態(tài)法兩大類。穩(wěn)態(tài)法具有很高的測量精度和可重復性,但存在著測量時間過長和設(shè)備復雜的固有缺點。非穩(wěn)態(tài)法可實現(xiàn)快速獲得材料的導熱系數(shù)的同時又可以保證足夠的測量精度,是目前主要應(yīng)用的測試方法,當前各大高校所采用的方法也大都為非穩(wěn)態(tài)法。但目前市場上銷售的測量儀器的主要應(yīng)用背景為材料的特性參數(shù)鑒定,這些設(shè)備往往價格昂貴且操作復雜,通常不能用于教學環(huán)節(jié)�；谏鲜龅谋尘�,針對實驗教學環(huán)節(jié)對儀器設(shè)備的使用要求,研制了專門用于教學的數(shù)字導熱系數(shù)測定系統(tǒng)。分析熱脈沖法測量的原理并采用該方法設(shè)計總體測量方案。按照低成本、易于加工生產(chǎn)的設(shè)計思想,采用STM32作為控制單元,使用T型熱電偶測量試件溫度,設(shè)計加熱器控制與監(jiān)測電路以測量加熱電壓與電流,設(shè)計顯示與打印電路以實現(xiàn)人機交互和數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果的輸出。按照操作簡便的要求進行軟件設(shè)計。軟件程序分為控制測量過程的儀器控制程序和用于計算測試結(jié)果的上位機程序。測量過程由程序控制,無需人為干預,儀器操作簡單快捷。論文對本設(shè)計中儀器的溫度、電壓和電流測量通道進行了測試與校準,對儀器的設(shè)計功能進行了驗證。測試結(jié)果表明,本設(shè)計的儀器性能穩(wěn)定、工作可靠,可以滿足一般教學環(huán)節(jié)的要求,并完成了小批量的交付。本文最后根據(jù)所完成的工作得出本文結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:The measurement of thermal conductivity of adiabatic materials is an important basic experiment and a very important practical link in the teaching process of thermal physics in colleges and universities. According to the different ideas used, the measurement of thermal conductivity of materials can be divided into two categories: steady-state method and unsteady-state method. The steady-state method has high measurement accuracy and repeatability, but it has the inherent shortcomings of long measuring time and complicated equipment. The unsteady state method can obtain the thermal conductivity of materials quickly and at the same time guarantee enough measuring precision. It is the main testing method at present. At present, most of the methods used in colleges and universities are unsteady state methods. However, the main application background of the measuring instruments sold in the market is the identification of the characteristic parameters of materials. These equipments are often expensive and complicated to operate, and can not be used in teaching. Based on the above background, a digital thermal conductivity measurement system is developed to meet the requirements of experimental teaching for the use of instruments and equipment. The principle of thermal pulse method is analyzed and the overall measurement scheme is designed. According to the design idea of low cost and easy to process, STM32 is used as control unit, T type thermocouple is used to measure sample temperature, and heater control and monitoring circuit is designed to measure heating voltage and current. The display and print circuit is designed to realize the man-machine interaction and the output of data results. Design the software according to the requirement of simple operation. The software program is divided into the instrument control program which controls the measurement process and the upper computer program used to calculate the test results. The measurement process is controlled by program, without human intervention, the instrument operation is simple and fast. In this paper, the temperature, voltage and current of the instrument are measured and calibrated, and the design function of the instrument is verified. The test results show that the designed instrument is stable in performance, reliable in work, can meet the requirements of general teaching links, and has completed the delivery of small quantities. Finally, the conclusion of this paper is drawn according to the work done.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB302

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