【摘要】：形狀記憶材料是20世紀(jì)80年代以來不斷發(fā)展起來的一類可對(duì)外界環(huán)境刺激做出響應(yīng)的智能高分子材料。它以質(zhì)輕、易加工、形變量大、記憶效應(yīng)顯著等優(yōu)點(diǎn)被廣泛應(yīng)用于機(jī)械系統(tǒng)和醫(yī)療器械等領(lǐng)域。近年來,研究者不斷在探索可使形狀記憶材料發(fā)生形變回復(fù)的多種驅(qū)動(dòng)方式,并取得了很好的研究成果。然而,盡管目前形狀記憶聚合物的驅(qū)動(dòng)方式已實(shí)現(xiàn)多樣化,但相應(yīng)的研究還沒有擴(kuò)展到微波這種高效、快速、具有潛力的刺激方式。本文結(jié)合微波的熱效應(yīng)和形狀記憶原理,分別將微波吸收介質(zhì)無機(jī)納米顆粒碳化硅(SiC)和離子液體聚合物引入到PVA基體中,構(gòu)筑基于聚乙烯醇體系的互穿聚合物網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu),制備具有微波響應(yīng)型形狀記憶功能的SiC/聚乙烯醇/聚丙烯酸互穿網(wǎng)絡(luò)無機(jī)/有機(jī)復(fù)合的材料、聚離子液體/聚乙烯醇互穿網(wǎng)絡(luò)有機(jī)/有機(jī)復(fù)合的材料。微波響應(yīng)型形狀記憶SiC/聚乙烯醇/聚丙烯酸互穿網(wǎng)絡(luò)無機(jī)/有機(jī)復(fù)合材料是以聚丙烯酸(PAA)為交聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)、PVA互穿在交聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)中,并將無機(jī)粒子SiC作為微波吸收介質(zhì)復(fù)合形成微波驅(qū)動(dòng)下具有良好的形狀記憶特性智能高分子復(fù)合材料。其基本原理是利用分散在聚乙烯醇基體中的SiC在交變電場(chǎng)下的介電性能吸收微波產(chǎn)生熱量,該熱量可以作為聚合物發(fā)生形變回復(fù)所需要的能量來實(shí)現(xiàn)形狀記憶效應(yīng)。與上述SiC/聚乙烯醇/聚丙烯酸互穿網(wǎng)絡(luò)形狀記憶性能聚合材料類似,當(dāng)前大多數(shù)功能性復(fù)合材料都是靠添加功能性無機(jī)粒子來實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)合材料的功能化的,這在一定程度上存在無機(jī)填料與聚合物相容性不好、體系不穩(wěn)定等問題。因此本文在前一階段的工作基礎(chǔ)上提出是否可以選擇一種有機(jī)的甚至是聚合物材料作為微波吸收介質(zhì)來實(shí)現(xiàn)聚合物互穿網(wǎng)絡(luò)的形狀記憶效應(yīng)�？紤]到離子液體常被用作微波輔助合成中的反應(yīng)介質(zhì)以及離子液體在微波場(chǎng)下的極強(qiáng)吸收能力,于是我們想是否可以將離子液體引入到聚合物結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)中,實(shí)現(xiàn)聚合物復(fù)合材料的微波響應(yīng)型形狀記憶行為。因此本論文第二階段的工作是研究微波響應(yīng)型形狀記憶聚離子液體/聚乙烯醇互穿網(wǎng)絡(luò)有機(jī)/有機(jī)復(fù)合材料。該體系中我們合成了功能性苯乙烯基咪唑離子液體單體,再將單體在PVA溶液中進(jìn)行原位聚合形成聚苯乙烯基咪唑/聚乙烯醇復(fù)合材料。在聚乙烯醇中引入離子液體聚合物作為傳熱介質(zhì)來實(shí)現(xiàn)材料的形狀記憶效應(yīng),這一想法為本課題的創(chuàng)新之處。此外考慮到目前半互穿(Semi-interpenetrating networks, SIPNs)或互穿(Interpenetrating networks, IPNs)網(wǎng)絡(luò)聚合物在形狀記憶方面研究的不足,因此本文研究可對(duì)微波輻射作出回復(fù)響應(yīng)的形狀記憶聚乙烯醇互穿網(wǎng)絡(luò)復(fù)合材料,為探索IPNs體系結(jié)構(gòu)與性能之間的關(guān)系和擴(kuò)大形狀記憶驅(qū)動(dòng)力方面提供一定的理論基礎(chǔ)。本課題選擇以微波這種高效、省時(shí)、加熱均勻的清潔能源作為驅(qū)動(dòng)力,是因?yàn)楸M管當(dāng)前國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者開始采用紅外、光、電磁場(chǎng)等幾種特殊的能源作為形變回復(fù)的間接驅(qū)動(dòng)力,但仍存在回復(fù)過程中受熱不均、回復(fù)率低、響應(yīng)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)等問題。微波驅(qū)動(dòng)是利用材料內(nèi)部介電損耗系數(shù)較大的偶極子或離子基團(tuán)隨微波高頻交變電場(chǎng)的作用,在材料內(nèi)部摩擦產(chǎn)生熱量,從而提供形變回復(fù)所需能量。微波這種非接觸加熱方式有別于傳統(tǒng)直接加熱的傳導(dǎo)方式,加熱效率高、無需預(yù)熱,且可實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程控制,因此,本文提出利用微波作為形變回復(fù)新的驅(qū)動(dòng)力在形狀記憶材料領(lǐng)域具有重要的科學(xué)意義�？傊�,PVA體系的形狀記憶復(fù)合材料是一種新型的高分子材料。本文將微波熱效應(yīng)和聚合物形狀記憶效應(yīng)相結(jié)合,利用微波間接加熱的特點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)建以SiC和聚離子液體為微波吸收介質(zhì)的具有不同結(jié)構(gòu)體系形狀記憶復(fù)合材料,不僅充分利用了所選材料各自優(yōu)良的性能,進(jìn)一步拓寬聚乙烯醇的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域,同時(shí)還擴(kuò)大了形狀記憶材料的研究范圍。對(duì)于某些生物醫(yī)療元件需要借助外部熱源刺激才能發(fā)揮形狀記憶的特性材料來說,開發(fā)這種高效省時(shí)、無二次污染、可遠(yuǎn)程操控的微波響應(yīng)型形狀記憶智能材料具有十分重要的科學(xué)意義。
[Abstract]:Shape memory materials (SMMs) are a class of smart polymer materials that can respond to environmental stimuli. They are widely used in mechanical systems and medical devices for their light weight, easy processing, large deformation and significant memory effects. In recent years, researchers have been exploring ways to make shape memory possible. However, although the driving methods of shape memory polymers have been diversified, the corresponding research has not been extended to microwave, which is an efficient, rapid and potential stimulating method. Inorganic nanoparticles SiC and ionic liquid polymer were introduced into PVA matrix to construct interpenetrating polymer network structure based on polyvinyl alcohol system. SiC/polyvinyl alcohol/polyacrylic acid interpenetrating network inorganic/organic composite material with microwave-responsive shape memory function was prepared. Microwave-responsive shape memory SiC/PVA/PAA interpenetrating network inorganic/organic composites are crosslinked by polyacrylic acid (PAA), PVA interpenetrating in the crosslinked network structure, and inorganic particles SiC as microwave absorbing medium are combined to form microwave-driven composites. The basic principle of smart polymer composites with good shape memory properties is to use the dielectric properties of SiC dispersed in polyvinyl alcohol matrix to absorb the heat generated by microwave under alternating electric field. The heat can be used as the energy needed for deformation recovery of polymers to achieve shape memory effect. Most of the functional composites are functionalized by adding functional inorganic particles. To a certain extent, the compatibility between inorganic fillers and polymers is poor and the system is unstable. The shape memory effect of interpenetrating polymer networks can be realized by choosing an organic or even a polymer material as a microwave absorbing medium. Considering that ionic liquids are often used as a reaction medium in microwave-assisted synthesis and the strong absorption ability of ionic liquids in microwave field, we wonder whether ionic liquids can be separated. Subliquids are introduced into polymer structures to realize the microwave-responsive shape memory behavior of polymer composites. Therefore, the second stage of this paper is to study the microwave-responsive shape memory polyionic liquid/polyvinyl alcohol interpenetrating network organic/organic composites. Polystyrene-based imidazole/polyvinyl alcohol composites were prepared by in-situ polymerization of monomers in PVA solution with sub-liquid monomers. The introduction of ionic liquid polymers into polyvinyl alcohol as heat transfer media to achieve shape memory effect was an innovation of this subject. In addition, the current Semi-interpenetration (Semi-interpenetration) was also considered. Shape memory polyvinyl alcohol interpenetrating network composites, which can respond to microwave radiation, are studied in order to explore the relationship between the structure and properties of IPNs and to expand shape memory drive. This topic chooses microwave as the driving force, which is a kind of high-efficient, time-saving and even-heated clean energy, because although the scholars at home and abroad begin to use infrared, light, electromagnetic fields and other special energy as the indirect driving force of deformation recovery, there is still uneven heating during the recovery process. Microwave driving is a kind of non-contact heating method which is different from traditional direct heating method. In short, the shape memory composites of PVA system are a new type of polymer materials. In this paper, the microwave thermal effect and polymer shape are recorded. Combining memory effect with indirect microwave heating, the shape memory composites with different structure systems using SiC and polyionic liquids as microwave absorbing media were designed and constructed, which not only made full use of the excellent properties of the selected materials, but also widened the application fields of polyvinyl alcohol. Scope of research. It is of great scientific significance to develop this kind of smart material with high efficiency, time-saving, no secondary pollution, and remote manipulation for some biomedical devices which need external heat source stimulation to display shape memory properties.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TB332

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本文編號(hào)：2201855