【摘要】：造紙法玻纖(玻璃纖維)基吸音阻燃薄頁材料是一種兼具吸音和阻燃的復(fù)合型材料,與國外產(chǎn)品相比,國內(nèi)產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)較差,為了改善這一情況,本論文主要從以下幾個方面就行研究,通過不同的增塑劑對玻纖基吸音阻燃薄頁基材(只添加了粘結(jié)劑,未添加阻燃劑、色漿等一系列化學(xué)藥品的產(chǎn)品)進(jìn)行研究,得到較優(yōu)的生產(chǎn)工藝條件,同時研究了阻燃劑、粘結(jié)劑對玻纖基吸音阻燃薄頁材料物理性能以及力學(xué)性能的影響,并利用SEM、FT-IR、TG、EDS等分析儀器對相關(guān)機(jī)理進(jìn)行了研究。利用AFG型增塑劑、Arosurf PA 777型增塑劑、Varisoft 3696型增塑劑等五種不同的增塑劑對玻纖基吸音阻燃薄頁基材進(jìn)行處理,探討增塑劑對玻纖基吸音阻燃薄頁基材定量、厚度、緊度、松厚度以及抗張強(qiáng)度的影響,確定最佳的增塑劑種類和用量。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),AFG型增塑劑對玻纖基吸音阻燃薄頁基材的影響效果最好。當(dāng)AF G型增塑劑用量為0.75 wt%時,制備得到玻纖基吸音阻燃薄頁基材緊度為0.225 g/cm3,松厚度為4.44 cm3/g,抗張強(qiáng)度為13.35 N/15mm,能夠滿足生產(chǎn)生活的要求。由于玻纖基吸音阻燃薄頁基材不具有阻燃效果,因此需要采取浸漬阻燃劑的方法對其進(jìn)行處理。通過FT-IR、SEM-EDS等分析儀器對阻燃劑進(jìn)行分析,確定阻燃劑種類為三聚氰胺類阻燃劑。然后研究阻燃劑浸漬時間和阻燃劑用量對玻纖基吸音阻燃薄頁基材的物理和力學(xué)性能、阻燃性能的影響,確定最佳的工藝條件。當(dāng)阻燃劑浸漬時間為15s,阻燃劑用量為5%時,玻纖基吸音阻燃薄頁材料的阻燃劑含量為16.00%,抗張強(qiáng)度為11.92N/15mm,平均氧指數(shù)為28.5%,一級阻燃等級。最后再利用SEM分析、燃燒后炭層分析、以及TG分析,對阻燃劑的作用方式和作用機(jī)理進(jìn)行研究。SEM研究發(fā)現(xiàn),玻璃纖維與植物纖維相互交錯相連,形成網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)。阻燃劑主要在植物纖維表面,玻璃纖維表面較少;燃燒后炭層分析以及TG分析可知,阻燃劑在遇熱時,提前分解產(chǎn)生不可燃?xì)怏w,稀釋氧氣,同時在植物纖維表面形成一層保護(hù)膜,阻礙植物纖維與空氣的接觸,從而達(dá)到阻燃的目的。一般來說,粘結(jié)劑用量越大,材料的強(qiáng)度也就越大,但對材料的其他指標(biāo)都會有一定的負(fù)面影響,比如緊度、手感等。通過研究粘結(jié)劑對玻纖基吸音阻燃薄頁材料性能的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著粘結(jié)劑用量的增加,玻纖基吸音阻燃薄頁材料的抗張強(qiáng)度在不斷增加,緊度也在不斷增大,但手感減弱,孔隙率減小。這是因為添加的粘結(jié)劑,填充了薄頁基材的內(nèi)部或者包覆在纖維表面,從而引起玻纖基吸音阻燃薄頁薄頁基材的手感減弱、孔隙率減小。因此選擇合適的粘結(jié)劑用量是平衡材料各方面性能的重要因素之一。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)粘結(jié)劑用量為4%時,玻纖基吸音阻燃薄頁薄頁基材含膠量14.57%,抗張強(qiáng)度15.21 N/15mm,孔隙率為85.21%,可以滿足產(chǎn)品指標(biāo)的要求。通過研究粘結(jié)劑以及阻燃劑用量對玻纖基吸音阻燃薄頁材料吸音性能的影響,得到玻纖基吸音阻燃薄頁材料的吸音系數(shù)可以達(dá)到0.5以上,具有較好的吸音效果。
[Abstract]:Papermaking glass fiber (glass fiber) based sound-absorbing and flame-retardant sheet material is a kind of composite material which has both sound-absorbing and flame-retardant properties. Compared with foreign products, the quality of domestic products is poor. In order to improve this situation, this paper mainly from the following aspects, through different plasticizers on glass fiber-based sound-absorbing and flame-retardant sheet substrate (only added) The effects of binder, flame retardant, color paste and other chemicals on the physical properties and mechanical properties of glass fiber-based sound-absorbing and flame-retardant sheet materials were studied. The mechanism was studied by SEM, FT-IR, TG, EDS and other analytical instruments. Five different plasticizers, such as AFG plasticizer, Arosurf PA 777 plasticizer and Varisoft 3696 plasticizer, were used to treat glass fiber-based sound-absorbing and flame-retardant thin-sheet substrate. The effects of plasticizers on the quantity, thickness, tightness, loose thickness and tensile strength of glass fiber-based sound-absorbing and flame-retardant thin-sheet substrate were discussed, and the optimum type and dosage of plasticizers were determined. When the dosage of AFG plasticizer is 0.75 wt%, the glass fiber-based sound-absorbing and flame-retardant thin-sheet substrate has a compactness of 0.225 g/cm 3, a loose thickness of 4.44 cm 3/g and a tensile strength of 13.35 N/15 mm, which can meet the requirements of production and life. Flame retardant thin-sheet substrate has no flame retardant effect, so it needs to be treated by impregnating flame retardant. The flame retardant was analyzed by FT-IR, SEM-EDS and other analytical instruments, and the type of flame retardant was determined to be melamine flame retardant. When the impregnation time of flame retardant is 15s and the dosage of flame retardant is 5%, the content of flame retardant is 16.00%, the tensile strength is 11.92N/15mm, the average oxygen index is 28.5%, and the first grade of flame retardant is determined. SEM study showed that the glass fibers and plant fibers were interlinked to form a network structure. The flame retardants were mainly on the surface of plant fibers, but few on the surface of glass fibers. Generally speaking, the greater the amount of binder, the greater the strength of the material, but it will have a certain negative impact on other indicators of the material, such as tightness, feel and so on. The influence of binder on the properties of glass fiber-based sound-absorbing and flame-retardant sheet materials was studied. It was found that the tensile strength and tightness of glass fiber-based sound-absorbing and flame-retardant sheet materials increased with the increase of binder content, but the handle decreased and the porosity decreased. This is because the binder added filled the inside of the sheet materials or coated in the thin sheet materials. It is found that when the amount of binder is 4%, the adhesive content is 14.57%, and the tensile strength is 15.21 N/N. 15 mm, porosity 85.21%, can meet the requirements of product indicators. By studying the influence of the amount of binder and flame retardant on the sound absorption properties of glass fiber-based sound-absorbing and flame-retardant sheet materials, the sound absorption coefficient of glass fiber-based sound-absorbing and flame-retardant sheet materials can reach more than 0.5, with better sound absorption effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB33

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