【摘要】：在過去三十年，人們一直在尋找一種集質(zhì)輕，強(qiáng)度高，抗沖擊，耐疲勞和耐腐蝕一體的材料，玻璃纖維/環(huán)氧樹脂增強(qiáng)鋁合金層板在一定程度上滿足上述要求。然而這種復(fù)合材料存在著層間結(jié)合強(qiáng)度低，易發(fā)生層間剝離，同時(shí)環(huán)氧樹脂耐高溫性能差，易老化等缺點(diǎn)。因此選用金屬連接劑來代替環(huán)氧樹脂可以有效克服上面缺點(diǎn)。 本文選用Zn-Al合金作為中間連接劑來代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的環(huán)氧樹脂，利用熱壓法制備出了碳纖維增強(qiáng)5052鋁基復(fù)合材料。首先研究了Zn-Al合金在半固態(tài)下對碳纖維布的浸滲性。研究了合金成分和熱壓溫度這兩個(gè)變量對半固態(tài)Zn-Al合金的浸滲性能的影響及滲透原理。然后選用浸滲性較好的Zn-Al合金作為連接劑，在最佳溫度下熱壓制備碳纖維增強(qiáng)5052鋁基復(fù)合材料，然后輔以超聲波震動(dòng)及保溫處理得到最終的復(fù)合材料。采用電子萬能試驗(yàn)機(jī)對復(fù)合材料進(jìn)行了室溫拉伸力學(xué)性能測試（縱向拉伸）；利用掃描電子顯微鏡（SEM）對復(fù)合材料層界面的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了觀察分析；同時(shí)結(jié)合能譜儀（EDS）進(jìn)行了成分分析。 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：（1）Zn-8Al合金和Zn-27Al在固液比相同的半固態(tài)下表現(xiàn)出了對碳纖維不同的浸滲性能。Zn-8Al合金能很好浸滲到碳纖維內(nèi)部而Zn-27Al不能浸滲碳纖維。（2）提高半固態(tài)下的熱壓溫度，雖然液體含量增加，但是對碳纖維浸滲性并不表現(xiàn)出線性的相關(guān)性。（3）熱壓過程中半固態(tài)漿料的滲透性可以用半固態(tài)中的固相析出速率值（SFIR）進(jìn)行評估，SFIR值跟相圖中的固相線和液相線斜率成反比，同Cs-Cl值成反比。在熱壓滲透過程中，具有較低的SFIR半固態(tài)漿料表現(xiàn)出對碳纖維布較高的滲透性。（4）使用Zn-8Al合金作為中間連接劑，通過熱壓法制備碳纖維復(fù)合材料。碳纖維在連接劑中均勻彌散分布，纖維與連接劑結(jié)合良好，連接劑中無明顯空洞，縮松等缺陷。(5) Zn-Al合金層與5052基體層之間發(fā)生了元素?cái)U(kuò)散，兩者之間的界面是通過冶金結(jié)合的方式形成的界面。(6)通過測量復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能，發(fā)現(xiàn)碳纖維體積分?jǐn)?shù)達(dá)到24.7%時(shí)，復(fù)合板的抗拉強(qiáng)度和彈性模量分別達(dá)到了200MPa和167GPa，跟基體5052相比，抗拉強(qiáng)度和彈性模量分別提高了32.4%和50%。 上述結(jié)果表明Zn-Al合金在半固態(tài)下對碳纖維的浸滲主要取決于SFIR值的大小，SFIR越小，對碳纖維的浸滲性越好。這對選擇浸滲性良好的中間連接劑有著指導(dǎo)意義。Zn-8Al作為中間連接劑可以充分發(fā)揮連接作用，制備的復(fù)合材料跟基體相比強(qiáng)度與彈性模量都有了明顯提高。
[Abstract]:In the past 30 years, people have been looking for a lightweight, high strength, impact resistance, fatigue and corrosion resistant materials, glass fiber / epoxy reinforced aluminum alloy laminates to a certain extent meet the above requirements. However, the composites have the disadvantages of low interlaminar bonding strength, easy interlaminar peeling, poor high temperature resistance and easy aging of epoxy resin. Therefore, the use of metal bonding agent to replace epoxy resin can effectively overcome the above shortcomings. In this paper, carbon fiber reinforced 5052 aluminum matrix composites were prepared by using Zn-Al alloy as intermediate connector instead of traditional epoxy resin. The infiltration properties of carbon fiber sheets (CFRP) by Zn-Al alloy in semi-solid state were studied. The effect of alloy composition and hot pressing temperature on the infiltration properties of semisolid Zn-Al alloy and its permeation principle were studied. Then carbon fiber reinforced 5052 aluminum matrix composites were prepared by hot pressing at the best temperature, and then the final composite was obtained by ultrasonic vibration and heat preservation. The tensile mechanical properties at room temperature (longitudinal tension) were measured by electronic universal testing machine, and the microstructure of composite layer interface was observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). At the same time, the composition analysis was carried out with (EDS). The experimental results show that: (1) Zn-8Al alloy and Zn-27Al show different infiltration properties of carbon fiber under the same solid-liquid ratio. Zn-8Al alloy can infiltrate carbon fiber well, but Zn-27Al can not infiltrate carbon fiber. (2) the hot pressing temperature in semi-solid state is increased. Although the liquid content increased, However, there is no linear correlation to the infiltration of carbon fiber. (3) the permeability of semi-solid slurry during hot pressing can be evaluated by using the solid-state precipitation rate value (SFIR), which is inversely proportional to the slope of the solid and liquid lines in the phase diagram. Is inversely proportional to the Cs-Cl value. In the process of hot pressing infiltration, the semi-solid SFIR slurry exhibits high permeability to carbon fiber cloth. (4) carbon fiber composites are prepared by hot pressing method using Zn-8Al alloy as intermediate bonding agent. Carbon fiber distributes uniformly in the binder, the fiber binds well with the binder, there are no obvious voids and shrinkage in the bonding agent. (5) there is element diffusion between the Zn-Al alloy layer and the 5052 matrix layer. The interface between the two is formed by metallurgical bonding. (6) by measuring the mechanical properties of the composite, it is found that when the volume fraction of carbon fiber reaches 24.7, The tensile strength and elastic modulus of the composite plate are up to 200MPa and 167 GPA respectively. Compared with the matrix 5052, the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the composite plate are increased by 32. 4% and 50%, respectively. The results show that the infiltration of carbon fiber by Zn-Al alloy in semisolid depends on the smaller the SFIR value, the better the infiltration ability of carbon fiber is. It is of guiding significance to select the intermediate bonding agent with good infiltration. Zn-8Al as the intermediate bonding agent can give full play to the bonding effect, and the strength and elastic modulus of the prepared composites are obviously improved compared with the matrix.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB333

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