【摘要】：油水分離材料的制備與研究是目前解決環(huán)境污染和資源浪費(fèi)的一個(gè)重要方向。本文提出一種將表面微溶與氣流噴涂相結(jié)合的納米粒子表面涂覆技術(shù),實(shí)現(xiàn)了低表面能聚四氟乙烯納米顆粒在耐高溫、耐酸堿性能優(yōu)異芳綸紙和高強(qiáng)耐磨的高致密錦綸機(jī)織布基材表面均勻涂覆和有效粘結(jié)牢度,開(kāi)發(fā)出滿足高溫、強(qiáng)酸堿、強(qiáng)應(yīng)力等特殊工況需求的油水分離材料,為新型油水分離材料開(kāi)發(fā)提供新的途徑和思路。主要工作分為兩部分,具體如下:首先,以耐高溫、耐酸堿性能優(yōu)異芳綸紙為基材,將其浸泡于N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)和水的復(fù)配溶劑中15 min后取出,然后使用氣流噴槍在其表面噴射聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)納米顆粒,制得PTFE表面涂覆芳綸紙油水分離材料。探討了 DMAc占溶劑總質(zhì)量百分比對(duì)芳綸紙表面微溶效果的影響,利用SEM、XPS、TGA等測(cè)試手段表征了純芳綸紙和PTFE涂層芳綸紙的表面形貌、元素含量以及熱學(xué)性能,分析了純芳綸紙和涂層芳綸紙的孔徑分布、機(jī)械性能、親水親油性、耐酸堿耐高溫性以及納米顆粒在基體表面的粘附性,并考察了 PTFE涂層芳綸紙的油水分離性能。結(jié)果表明:DMAc百分比為20 wt%,芳綸纖維表面微溶柔和,對(duì)芳綸紙整體性能影響較小,且PTFE納米顆粒涂層在其表面涂覆分散效果最佳;比表面能極低的PTFE納米顆粒在芳綸紙表面形成了納米級(jí)粗糙結(jié)構(gòu),具有較高疏水親油性能,對(duì)重油和輕油均具有良好的分離效果,分離效率高達(dá)99%以上;同時(shí)該涂層材料在高溫280℃時(shí)仍具有125°的水接觸角;在強(qiáng)酸強(qiáng)堿環(huán)境下,該芳綸紙仍能保持135°左右的水接觸角,具有很好的耐酸堿性和耐高溫性,可滿足高溫及強(qiáng)酸堿等特殊工況條件下油水分離使用需求。其次,以?shī)W利弗寶改性疏水疏油平紋結(jié)構(gòu)錦綸機(jī)織布為基材,將其單側(cè)浸泡于不同質(zhì)量百分比的甲酸溶液中,然后采用氣流噴槍將PTFE納米顆粒噴涂于其表面,得到一側(cè)疏水親油,一側(cè)疏水疏油不同對(duì)稱(chēng)結(jié)構(gòu)油水分離材料。分析了甲酸溶液百分比對(duì)錦綸纖維表面微溶效果,選出最優(yōu)的甲酸溶液,利用SEM、XPS、TGA等測(cè)試手段對(duì)純錦綸織物和涂層后的錦綸織物的表面形貌、元素含量以及熱學(xué)性能進(jìn)行表征,考察了其孔徑分布、機(jī)械性能和油水分離的性能。結(jié)果表明.甲酸的最優(yōu)濃度為20 wt%。制備的涂層材料對(duì)多種類(lèi)的油水混合物均達(dá)到99%以上的分離效率,同時(shí)由于處理之后的錦綸機(jī)織布的強(qiáng)度為138.97 MPa,具有優(yōu)異的拉伸力學(xué)性能,可滿足強(qiáng)應(yīng)力等特殊工況條件下油水分離使用需求。
[Abstract]:The preparation and research of oil-water separation materials is an important direction to solve environmental pollution and waste of resources. In this paper, a new surface coating technique is proposed, which combines the surface microsolubilization with airflow spraying to achieve high temperature resistance of low surface energy PTFE nanoparticles. Excellent acid and alkali resistance aramid paper and high strength and wear resistance high density nylon loom substrate were evenly coated and effective adhesive fastness was developed to meet the special requirements of high temperature, strong acid and alkali, strong stress and other special working conditions, oil and water separation materials were developed to meet the requirements of special conditions such as high temperature, strong acid and alkali, strong stress and so on. It provides a new way and train of thought for the development of new oil-water separation material. The main work is divided into two parts. Firstly, the aramid paper with high temperature resistance and excellent acid and alkali resistance is used as the base material. The paper is soaked in the compound solvent of NN- dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) and water for 15 min. Then the surface of PTFE coated with Aramid paper oil and water was prepared by spraying polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nanoparticles with airflow spray gun. The effect of the percentage of DMAc in the total solvent on the surface microsolubility of aramid paper was discussed. The surface morphology, elemental content and thermal properties of pure aramid paper and PTFE coated aramid paper were characterized by means of SEMP-XPS-TGA. The pore size distribution, mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, acid-alkali resistance and adhesion of nano-particles on the substrate surface of pure and coated aramid paper were analyzed. The oil-water separation properties of PTFE coated aramid paper were investigated. The results showed that the percentage of% DMAc was 20 wt.The surface of aramid fiber was slightly soluble and soft, which had little effect on the overall properties of aramid paper, and the PTFE nano-particle coating had the best dispersion effect on the surface. The PTFE nanoparticles with very low specific surface energy formed nano-size rough structure on the surface of aramid paper, which had high hydrophobic and oil-hydrophobic properties, and had good separation effect for heavy oil and light oil, and the separation efficiency was over 99%. At the same time, the coating material still has 125 擄water contact angle at 280 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2150004