本文選題：棉稈皮纖維 + 蒸汽閃爆　； 參考：《江南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：棉稈是一種來源廣、產(chǎn)量高、能高效再生的生物質(zhì)能源。但是目前棉稈的利用價值還很低,主要由于其處理工藝以及成本方面受到限制。棉稈皮是附著在棉稈上的一層韌皮纖維,占棉稈重量的26%。棉稈皮主要由纖維素、半纖維素、木質(zhì)素以及一些果膠、脂蠟質(zhì)組成。本文著重研究結(jié)合蒸汽閃爆和超聲波/微波棉稈皮分離棉稈皮纖維,從中提取纖維素等有效成分,制備棉稈皮纖維,并將制備的棉稈皮纖維與聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)混合制備復(fù)合材料。首先,本課題研究了蒸汽閃爆法預(yù)處理棉稈皮纖維。主要研究的是,蒸汽閃爆重要工藝參數(shù)蒸汽壓力(0.8MPa,1.0MPa,1.2MPa,1.4MPa,1.6MPa)和閃爆保壓時間(60s,120,180s,240s,360s)對蒸汽閃爆制備的棉桿皮纖維性能(成分、表面形態(tài)、力學(xué)性能)的影響。結(jié)果表明:蒸汽閃爆能有效地使得棉稈皮緊密的結(jié)構(gòu)被打開,使其得到初步分離,同時還能去除棉稈皮中部分的非纖維素類物質(zhì)。然而,過高或過低的條件均會產(chǎn)生一定的弊端。閃爆壓力過低,棉稈皮得不到有效的分離;閃爆壓力過高,棉稈皮分離后得到的纖維性能較差,纖維長度短,強力差。蒸汽閃爆的最優(yōu)工藝為:蒸汽壓力,1.2MPa;保壓時間,3min。此時,得到的棉稈皮纖維的半纖維素含量為8.8%、長度為66.2mm、細(xì)度為48dtex、斷裂強度為2.4cN/dtex以及得率為48%。其次,研究了超聲波/微波-有機堿聯(lián)合處理蒸汽閃爆后的棉稈皮纖維。超聲波/微波協(xié)同處理(Simultaneously ultrasonic wave and microwave assisted treatment,簡稱SUMAT)是一種新型的強化加工方法,本文采用此方法輔助有機堿四甲基氫氧化銨(tetramethylammonium hydroxide,簡稱TMAOH)對蒸汽閃爆預(yù)處理后的棉稈皮纖維進(jìn)行后處理,目的是獲得性能更好的棉稈皮纖維。本章研究了超聲波/微波功率、時間、溫度以及有機堿濃度等重要工藝參數(shù)對棉稈皮纖維的強度以及長徑比的影響。結(jié)果表明,棉稈皮經(jīng)閃爆預(yù)處理脂蠟質(zhì)、果膠和水溶物總量由21%降到6%左右,半纖維素含量由21.8%減少到15.2%,所得纖維細(xì)度59 dtex,長徑比957,拉伸強度2.15 cN/dtex;SUMAT/TMAOH協(xié)同后處理,脂蠟質(zhì)、果膠和水溶物總量降到1.4%,半纖維素含量減少到9.2%,所得棉稈皮纖維細(xì)度34 dtex,長徑比1169,拉伸強度2.85 cN/dtex。棉稈皮木質(zhì)素含量在預(yù)處理、后處理前后均沒有明顯變化。與現(xiàn)有方法相比,本文主要通過去除親水性半纖維素、果膠、水溶物等,同時保留疏水性木質(zhì)素而制得高長徑比、高斷裂強度的棉稈皮纖維。最后,將前期制備的棉稈皮纖維經(jīng)過梳棉機梳理后,增強聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)制備復(fù)合材料。研究了熱壓工藝條件對復(fù)合材料力學(xué)性能的影響以及復(fù)合材料的降解性能。結(jié)果顯示:PBS基質(zhì)中增強棉稈皮纖維可以在一定程度上提高復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能和熱學(xué)性能。對復(fù)合材料做水降解試驗,發(fā)現(xiàn)復(fù)合材料表面有嚴(yán)重的破損,出現(xiàn)絮狀的空洞,內(nèi)部的棉稈皮纖維發(fā)黑,質(zhì)量減輕。通過對熱壓工藝的溫度、時間、壓力以及纖維質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)做了單因子試驗,確定了復(fù)合材料熱壓工藝的最佳條件:壓力2MPa、溫度140℃、時間20min、纖維質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)40%。蒸汽閃爆是一種有效的分離木質(zhì)纖維素的方法,使棉稈皮得到初步的分離和分解,制備棉稈皮纖維。超聲波/微波能進(jìn)一步細(xì)化棉稈皮纖維,優(yōu)化棉稈皮纖維性能。最后制備的復(fù)合材料具有生物降解性,可以作為建筑、汽車制造等行業(yè)的潛在應(yīng)用材料。
[Abstract]:Cotton stalk is a kind of biomass energy with a wide source, high yield and high efficiency. However, the utilization value of cotton stalk is still low, mainly due to its processing technology and cost. The cotton stalk is a phloem fiber attached to the cotton stalk, and the 26%. cotton stalk, which accounts for the weight of cotton stalk, is mainly made of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. And some pectin, fat wax composition. This paper focuses on the separation of cotton stem skin fibers, such as steam flash explosion and ultrasonic / microwave cotton stalk, to extract cellulose and other effective components from cellulose, and to prepare the cotton stalk skin fibers and polybutylene dibutylene dibutylate (PBS) to prepare composite materials. The main research is the effect of steam explosion (0.8MPa, 1.0MPa, 1.2MPa, 1.4MPa, 1.6MPa) and flash time (60s, 120180s, 240s, 360s) on the fiber properties (composition, surface morphology and mechanical properties) of steam flicker. The results show that the steam explosion can be effective. The close structure of the cotton stalk is opened so that it can be separated initially and the non cellulose material in the cotton stalk skin can be removed. However, the high or low conditions of the cotton stalk can produce some disadvantages. The flicker pressure is too low, the cotton stalk can not be separated effectively; the flicker pressure is too high and the fiber properties of the cotton stalk peel are compared. The optimum technology of steam explosion is: steam pressure, 1.2MPa, pressure holding time, 3min. at this time, the hemicellulose content of cotton stalk skin fiber is 8.8%, the length is 66.2mm, the fineness is 48dtex, the fracture strength is 2.4cN/dtex and the yield is 48%. next, the ultrasonic / microwave organic alkali combined treatment steam flash is studied. The ultrasonic / microwave CO treatment (Simultaneously ultrasonic wave and microwave assisted treatment, for short SUMAT) is a new strengthening processing method. This method is used in this paper to assist the organic alkali four methyl ammonium hydroxide (tetramethylammonium hydroxide, TMAOH) for the pre treatment of steam flicker. In this chapter, the effects of ultrasonic / microwave power, time, temperature and organic alkali concentration on the strength of cotton stalk fiber and the ratio of length to diameter were studied in this chapter. 21% to 6%, hemicellulose content decreased from 21.8% to 15.2%, fiber fineness 59 dtex, length diameter ratio 957, tensile strength 2.15 cN/dtex; SUMAT/TMAOH synergistic treatment, fat wax, pectin and water soluble aggregate decreased to 1.4%, the content of hemicellulose decreased to 9.2%, cotton stalk fiber fineness 34 dtex, length diameter ratio 1169, tensile strength 2.85 cN/dte The content of X. cotton stalk lignin was not changed obviously before and after treatment. Compared with the existing methods, the paper made the cotton stalk skin fiber with high length diameter ratio and high breaking strength by removing hydrophilic hemicellulose, pectin, water soluble and hydrophobic lignin. Finally, the cotton stalk skin fibers prepared in the earlier period were combed. After combing the cotton machine, the composite materials were prepared by reinforced polybutylene dibutylate (PBS). The effects of hot pressing process conditions on the mechanical properties of the composites and the degradation properties of the composites were studied. The results showed that the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were improved to a certain extent by the enhancement of cotton stalk in the PBS matrix. It was found that the surface of the composite material was seriously damaged, the floc holes appeared, the internal cotton stalk skin fiber was blackened and the quality was reduced. Through the single factor test on the temperature, time, pressure and fiber mass fraction of the hot pressing process, the optimum conditions for the hot pressing of the composite material were determined: pressure 2MPa, temperature at 140. 20min, fiber mass fraction 40%. steam flash explosion is an effective method of separating lignocellulose, which makes cotton stalk peel preliminary separation and decomposition and preparation of cotton stalk skin fiber. Ultrasonic / microwave can further refine cotton stalk skin fiber and optimize the properties of cotton stalk skin fiber. Finally, the composite material has biodegradability and can be used as a construction. The potential application materials of construction, automobile manufacturing and other industries.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TS102.22;TB332

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