本文選題：銅氧化合物 + 納米結(jié)構(gòu)��； 參考：《安徽建筑大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：銅氧化合物(CuO、Cu2O)納米材料是一種重要的過渡金屬氧化物,由于其優(yōu)異的催化、發(fā)光、氣敏、磁性能而成為一個重要的研究方向。銅氧化合物納米半導體材料是一種較好的催化劑材料,在光照的作用下可以光催化降解有機污染物。與傳統(tǒng)的方法相比,半導體光催化是一種低能耗技術(shù),具有操作簡便、適用范圍廣、不易形成二次污染、可重復使用等顯著優(yōu)點。對于難降解的有機物,CuO還可以與雙氧水作用,展現(xiàn)出優(yōu)秀、快速的類芬頓催化性能。眾所周知,材料的結(jié)構(gòu)、組成、形貌以及尺寸決定材料的性能,因此設計并控制合成出具有一定規(guī)則的形貌和結(jié)構(gòu)的材料才是研究的重點。本文中通過微波輔助、超聲波輔助以及水浴法等成功制備出了多種結(jié)構(gòu)與形貌的銅氧化合物,采用XRD、FESEM、TEM、UV-vis等表征手段對產(chǎn)品進行表征,并對其相關(guān)性能做了進一步的研究,具體的研究內(nèi)容如下:1、通過超聲輔助化學合成法制備了花狀CuO結(jié)構(gòu),晶體結(jié)構(gòu)、組成、形貌和光學性質(zhì)通過XRD、FESEM、TEM和DRS進行表征。對比實驗結(jié)果說明獲得的花狀CuO的形貌收到氨水體積和時間的影響。討論了隨時間影響的生長機理。由納米片組裝而成的花狀CuO與商業(yè)CuO比較,對RhB展現(xiàn)了優(yōu)秀的光催化性能,另外在同等的條件下,進行了MB和MO的光催化性能研究。2、通過一種簡便的微波輔助化學合成法制備出了新穎的矩形垂直交叉狀的CuO結(jié)構(gòu)。樣品通過XRD、FESEM、TEM、SAED、HRTEM和UV-vis進行表征。單個的矩形垂直交叉結(jié)構(gòu)是由兩個不同大小的矩形納米片組成,通過在片的中心垂直交叉。在對比實驗的分析上討論了可能的生長機理。研究了在可見光光催化降解RhB染料的實驗,展現(xiàn)了高的光催化性能。另外,該CuO作為一種添加劑,有很好催化高氯酸銨熱分解的效果。3、通過一種簡便的微波輔助化學合成法,用單乙醇胺作為形貌控制劑控制合成了南瓜狀CuO、梭子狀CuO以及球狀CuO。晶體結(jié)構(gòu)、組成、形貌以及光學性質(zhì)通過XRD、FESEM、UV-vis和DRS進行表征。其禁帶能分別是2.0、2.2和2.4 eV。研究了CuO的類芬頓催化性質(zhì),南瓜狀CuO在一開始的5 min內(nèi),RhB染料的脫色率達到了98.5%,展現(xiàn)了優(yōu)秀的類芬頓催化效率。4、用超聲輔助化學合成法在室溫下制備出了高單分散的Cu2O中空球。產(chǎn)品通過XRD、FESEM、TEM、HRTEM、BET和UV-vis等進行表征。發(fā)現(xiàn)Cu2O中空球是由立方相的納米顆粒組裝而成,其外部直徑為400-600 nm,球殼的厚度為40 nm。光學帶隙被測量為1.93 eV。孔徑尺寸的范圍是2-15 nm。討論了可能的Cu2O中空球生長過程。對MO染料的最大吸附量為446.43 mg·g-1,表明在處理污水方面有潛在的應用。
[Abstract]:Copper oxide (CuO _ 2O) nanomaterials are important transition metal oxides, which have become an important research field due to their excellent catalytic, luminescent, gas-sensitive and magnetic properties. Copper oxide nanocrystalline semiconductor is a good catalyst material, which can photocatalyze the degradation of organic pollutants under the action of light. Compared with the traditional methods, semiconductor photocatalysis is a low energy consumption technology, which has the advantages of simple operation, wide application range, difficult to form secondary pollution and reusable. CuO can also react with hydrogen peroxide, showing excellent and fast Fenton-like catalytic performance. As we all know, the structure, composition, morphology and size of the material determine the properties of the material, so it is the focus of the study to design and control the synthesis of materials with regular morphology and structure. In this paper, a variety of copper oxide compounds with different structures and morphologies were successfully prepared by microwave assisted, ultrasonic assisted and water bath methods. The products were characterized by means of XRDX FESEMMOTEMU UV-vis, and their correlation was further studied. The specific contents of the study are as follows: 1. The structure, crystal structure, composition, morphology and optical properties of flower-like CuO were prepared by ultrasonic assisted chemical synthesis. The morphology and optical properties were characterized by TEM and DRS. The results show that the morphology of the flower-like CuO is affected by the volume and time of ammonia. The growth mechanism of the influence of time is discussed. Compared with commercial CuO, the flower-like CuO assembled from nanochip exhibits excellent photocatalytic properties for RhB, and under the same conditions, The photocatalytic properties of MB and MO were studied. A novel rectangular perpendicular cross-shaped CuO structure was prepared by a simple microwave-assisted chemical synthesis method. The samples were characterized by HRTEM and UV-vis. A single rectangular vertical cross structure is composed of two rectangular nanochips of different sizes, perpendicular to each other in the center of the sheet. The possible growth mechanism is discussed in the comparative experiment. The photocatalytic degradation of RhB dyes by visible light was studied. In addition, as an additive, CuO can catalyze the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. By a simple microwave assisted chemical synthesis method, pumpkin CuO, fusiform CuO and spherical CuO were synthesized by using monoethanolamine as morphology control agent. The crystal structure, composition, morphology and optical properties were characterized by XRDX FESEMMA-UV-vis and DRS. The forbidden band energy was 2.0g 2.2 and 2.4 EV, respectively. The Fenton-like catalytic properties of CuO were studied. The decolorization efficiency of squash like CuO was 98.5% in the first 5 min, showing the excellent Fenton-like catalytic efficiency .4.The highly monodisperse Cu2O hollow spheres were prepared by ultrasonic assisted chemical synthesis at room temperature. The products were characterized by XRDX FESEMN Tem, HRTEMN BET and UV-vis. It is found that Cu2O hollow spheres are assembled from cubic nanocrystalline particles with an external diameter of 400-600 nm and a thickness of 40 nm. The optical band gap was measured to 1.93 EV. The aperture size ranges from 2 to 15 nm. The possible growth process of Cu2O hollow spheres was discussed. The maximum adsorption capacity of MO dye is 446.43 mg g ~ (-1), which indicates that it has potential application in wastewater treatment.
【學位授予單位】：安徽建筑大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB383.1;O614.121

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本文編號：2089726