發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-31 03:07

  本文選題：納米鈀銅合金 + 花狀氧化鎳　； 參考：《河南師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：備受世界關(guān)注的納米材料是多學(xué)科交叉的國(guó)際前沿研究領(lǐng)域。本論文綜述了納米材料的最新研究進(jìn)展,概括了納米材料的最新分類、最新的制備手段以及在新的研究領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用�；趯�(duì)以上內(nèi)容的分析,本論文以近幾年來(lái)一直備受人們關(guān)注并倡導(dǎo)的環(huán)境友好,經(jīng)濟(jì),節(jié)能的化學(xué)反應(yīng)目標(biāo)為出發(fā)點(diǎn),選擇了有應(yīng)用前景的鈀基納米材料為主要研究?jī)?nèi)容,探究了溶劑、非貴金屬以及結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)特的氧化物載體對(duì)Pd基納米材料的合成、負(fù)載量以及性能等方面的影響,得到了一些有意義的結(jié)果。論文主要開展了以下幾部分的研究工作:一、羥基數(shù)目不同的醇對(duì)Pd/XC-72催化材料的合成以及催化性能的影響。我們通過常見的濕化學(xué)法,分別用乙醇、乙二醇、丙三醇作溶劑,以經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)保的碳顆粒(XC-72)為載體,少量谷氨酸作螯合劑,氯化亞鈀溶液作為活性金屬源,一步溶劑熱分別得到三種不同的Pd/C納米材料;接著對(duì)所合成的三種催化劑Pd/XC-72(EA),Pd/XC-72(EG),Pd/XC-72(GI)進(jìn)行苯甲醇氧化測(cè)試,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),具有多羥基的丙三醇作溶劑得到的Pd/C納米材料擁有最好的催化活性;Pd/XC-72(EG)次之,Pd/XC-72(EA)最差。進(jìn)一步對(duì)所得樣品進(jìn)行了XRD、TEM等表征,結(jié)果表明丙三醇作溶劑合成的Pd/C催化劑與另外兩種催化劑相比具有較高的金屬負(fù)載量、較好的分散性以及較小的適于催化的金屬粒徑,這些可能是其催化性能最好的原因。二、摻有非貴金屬Cu的Pd基納米材料的合成及其催化CO氧化性能研究。以便宜易得的碳顆粒為載體,溶劑熱法一釜合成了不同比例的Pd Cu雙金屬合金催化劑,并且經(jīng)同樣的制備方法分別合成了單金屬催化劑Pd/XC-72和Cu/XC-72,樣品的后續(xù)處理采用冷凍干燥法干燥所制備的所有催化劑,得到了疏松無(wú)凝結(jié)、分散性好、粒徑小的Pd Cu/XC-72合金催化劑。通過對(duì)所得樣品一系列物理化學(xué)表征和催化性能測(cè)試,可以得出含有貴金屬Pd的Pd Cu合金催化劑和單質(zhì)Pd/XC-72催化劑均對(duì)CO氧化表現(xiàn)出了很好的催化性能。綜合催化劑各項(xiàng)物理化學(xué)性質(zhì),以減少貴金屬用量為基準(zhǔn),則是比例為1:3的合金催化劑Pd Cu/XC-72為最優(yōu)催化劑;此外測(cè)試分析結(jié)果還表明,非貴金屬Cu的加入改變了Pd面心立方結(jié)構(gòu)的晶面構(gòu)成,同時(shí)還有利于Pd的分散和負(fù)載,改善其催化活性位點(diǎn);而Pd的存在同樣有助于Cu的還原和負(fù)載;兩種金屬相互促進(jìn),與載體共同作用形成了性能更好的合金材料。三、納米Pd Cu/花狀Ni O(Pd Cu/F-Ni O)的合成及其CO催化氧化性能。我們以常見的表面活性劑十六烷基三甲基氯化銨(CTAC)作為結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)向劑,Ni2+為中心金屬離子,尿素溶液為沉淀劑,低溫合成出分散性好、由9nm厚的納米薄片組裝構(gòu)成的花狀Ni(OH)2·x H2O。以這種花狀Ni(OH)2·x H2O為前驅(qū)體,通過空氣高溫煅燒得到構(gòu)型基本不變的花狀Ni O。接著對(duì)微米花狀Ni O進(jìn)行了FE-SEM、XRD、TEM以及催化CO氧化性能等測(cè)試,結(jié)果表明得到的Ni O屬于斜方六面體晶系,漂亮的花型結(jié)構(gòu)由表面帶有孔洞的粗糙的約為9nm厚的薄片交錯(cuò)組裝而成。以制得的單分散的花狀Ni O作為載體負(fù)載Pd Cu雙金屬合成復(fù)合催化劑催化CO氧化,該催化劑在常溫條件下即對(duì)CO氧化表現(xiàn)出了良好的催化性能。
[Abstract]:Nanomaterials, which have attracted much attention from the world, are the international frontiers of interdisciplinary research. This paper summarizes the latest research progress of nanomaterials, summarizes the latest classification of nanomaterials, the latest preparation methods and applications in new research fields. Based on the analysis of the above content, this paper has been the most popular in recent years. The objective of environmental friendly, economic and energy saving chemical reaction is the starting point, and the application prospect of palladium based nanomaterials is selected as the main research content. The effects of solvent, non precious metal and unique oxide carrier on the synthesis, negative load and properties of Pd based nanomaterials are explored. The main research work of this paper is the following parts: first, the effect of hydroxyl number of different alcohols on the synthesis and catalytic properties of Pd/XC-72 catalytic materials. We use ethanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol as solvent by common wet chemical method, and a small amount of glutamic acid as the carrier and a small amount of glutamic acid. The chelating agent and palladium chloride solution are used as active metal sources. Three different Pd/C nanomaterials are obtained by one step solvent heat. Then the synthesis of three kinds of catalysts, Pd/XC-72 (EA), Pd/XC-72 (EG) and Pd/XC-72 (GI), are tested for benzyl alcohol oxidation. The results show that the Pd/C nanomaterials with polyhydroxy glycerol as solvent are the best. The catalytic activity of Pd/XC-72 (EG) and Pd/XC-72 (EA) were the worst. The results were further characterized by XRD, TEM and so on. The results showed that the Pd/C catalyst synthesized by the glycerol as solvent had higher metal load, better dispersibility and smaller size suitable for catalytic metal particles, which may be its urging. Two, the synthesis of Pd based nanomaterials with non precious metal Cu and their catalytic CO oxidation properties. With the cheap and easy available carbon particles as the carrier, different proportions of Pd Cu bimetal alloy catalysts were synthesized by solvothermal method, and the single metal catalyst Pd/XC-72 and Cu/XC were synthesized by the same preparation method. -72, after the subsequent treatment of the samples, all the catalysts prepared by freeze-drying were used to obtain the Pd Cu/XC-72 alloy catalyst, which had no condensation, good dispersibility and small particle size. Through a series of physical and chemical characterization and catalytic performance test of the obtained samples, the Pd Cu alloy catalyst containing precious metal Pd and the single substance Pd/XC-72 could be obtained. All the chemicals have good catalytic performance for the oxidation of CO. In addition to the physical and chemical properties of the catalysts, the 1:3 alloy catalyst Pd Cu/XC-72 is the best catalyst for reducing the amount of precious metals. Furthermore, the test analysis also shows that the addition of non precious metal Cu has changed the composition of the crystal surface of the Pd face center cubic structure. It is also beneficial to the dispersion and load of Pd to improve its catalytic activity sites, and the presence of Pd also contributes to the reduction and load of Cu; the two metals promote each other to form a better alloy material with the support of the carrier. Three, the synthesis of nano Pd Cu/ flower like Ni O (Pd Cu/F-Ni O) and its CO catalytic oxidation performance. The active agent, sixteen alkyl three methyl ammonium chloride (CTAC), as the structure guide, Ni2+ as the central metal ion and the urea solution as the precipitator, is synthesized at low temperature. The flower like Ni (OH) 2. X H2O. composed of 9nm thick nanoscale slices is used as the precursor of this kind of flower like Ni (OH) 2. X H2O, and the configuration is basically unchanged through the high temperature calcination of air. The flower like Ni O. then tests the FE-SEM, XRD, TEM, and catalytic CO oxidation properties of micron flower like Ni O. The results show that the obtained Ni O belongs to the trapezoid hexahedral system, and the beautiful flower structure is composed of a rough surface with a rough surface with a hole and about the 9nm thicker. The bimetallic composite catalyst can catalyze CO oxidation. The catalyst exhibits good catalytic performance for CO oxidation at room temperature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TB383.1;O643.36

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 王菲菲;負(fù)載型納米Pd基催化劑的可控合成及對(duì)芳香醇綠色選擇氧化性能的影響[D];河南師范大學(xué);2014年

，

本文編號(hào)：1958043