本文選題：PIR硬泡 + 硅氣凝膠��； 參考：《西南科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文針對隔熱保溫材料存在的熱穩(wěn)定性低、阻燃性能差等問題,提出了將聚氨酯泡沫材料與硅氣凝膠進(jìn)行復(fù)合的設(shè)計思路,利用聚氨酯泡沫材料的熱導(dǎo)率低、抗壓強(qiáng)度高、產(chǎn)煙量低與硅氣凝膠的質(zhì)輕、低導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)、優(yōu)隔熱性能、高孔隙率相結(jié)合,制備出一種熱穩(wěn)定性能優(yōu)越、阻燃性能好的復(fù)合絕熱硬質(zhì)泡沫材料。本文采用一步法成功制備了新型的聚異氰脲酸酯硬泡(PIR)/硅氣凝膠復(fù)合材料,研究了摻入顆粒狀Si O2氣凝膠對復(fù)合材料阻燃性、熱穩(wěn)定性及力學(xué)性能的影響,主要結(jié)論如下:(1)初步探究了顆粒狀硅氣凝膠的三種不同形態(tài)對復(fù)合材料的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn):濕氣凝膠會降低復(fù)合材料的性能,干顆粒狀的硅氣凝膠形態(tài)所制備出的PIR復(fù)合材料泡沫的性能最佳。另外,基體b體系PIR基體泡沫制備的復(fù)合材料要比基體a體系PIR基體泡沫制備的復(fù)合材料的性能優(yōu),尤其是熱穩(wěn)定性和阻燃性。(2)為了降低體系的粘度和提高硅氣凝膠的用量,所以我們應(yīng)該選擇基體b體系低粘度的聚乙二醇600為原料制備PIR復(fù)合材料泡沫,從而使復(fù)合材料泡沫在基體中具有良好的分散性能。不僅顆粒狀硅氣凝膠用量達(dá)到了8%(wt.%),而且這個低粘度體系下的基體泡沫的氧指數(shù)為29.4,也達(dá)到了報道中最高聚氨酯的阻燃值。PIR復(fù)合材料泡沫相比基體泡沫的氧指數(shù)提高到了34.6%;復(fù)合材料泡沫的抗壓強(qiáng)度提高了136%,比強(qiáng)度增加了92.2%。TG曲線上顯示復(fù)合材料的熱穩(wěn)定性隨著硅氣凝膠含量的增加而顯著提高,殘余質(zhì)量增加了20.4%;熱導(dǎo)率相比基體泡沫降低了32.7%(從硅氣凝膠劑量的0%-8%),加入顆粒狀Si O2氣凝膠的復(fù)合材料保溫效果提高。(3)FT-IR表明硅氣凝膠的加入沒有改變聚氨酯的化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu),在聚氨酯基體中僅作了無機(jī)填料的成分。從SEM看出,加入適量Si O2氣凝膠的復(fù)合材料可以得到較好的泡孔結(jié)構(gòu)且泡孔排列規(guī)整,并有了顯著的改善,與基體泡沫相比,復(fù)合材料的泡孔結(jié)構(gòu)較小,泡孔密度較大,其力學(xué)性能較好。(4)為了進(jìn)一步降低復(fù)合材料泡沫的成本,我們引入硅氣凝膠基礎(chǔ)上添加了一種廢渣多元醇。結(jié)果表明:單摻廢渣多元醇的復(fù)合材料,除了力學(xué)性能有稍微的降低,其他相關(guān)性能都有所提高。然而基體b中同時加入廢渣多元醇和顆粒狀的硅氣凝膠制備的PIR復(fù)合材料泡沫能夠提高阻燃性和保溫性能,其抗壓強(qiáng)度提高25.4%,比強(qiáng)度提高22.0%。熱穩(wěn)定性提高了61.8%,氧指數(shù)增加了17.0%,熱導(dǎo)率降低了27.5%,泡孔的孔隙率有所下降�？偠灾�,廢渣多元醇和顆粒狀硅氣凝膠的同時添加提高了材料性能,還降低了成本。
[Abstract]:Aiming at the problems of low thermal stability and poor flame retardancy of thermal insulation materials, this paper puts forward the design idea of composite polyurethane foam materials with silicon aerogels. The low thermal conductivity and high compressive strength of polyurethane foam materials are used in this paper. A composite heat insulating rigid foam with excellent thermal stability and good flame retardancy was prepared by combining low smoke production with light weight, low thermal conductivity, excellent thermal insulation and high porosity of silicon aerogel. In this paper, a new type of polyisocyanurate rigid foam PIRN / silicon aerogel composite was successfully prepared by one step method. The effects of particle Sio 2 aerogel on the flame retardancy, thermal stability and mechanical properties of the composite were studied. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the effects of three different forms of granular silica aerogels on composite materials are investigated. The properties of PIR composite foam prepared by dry granular silicon aerogel were the best. In addition, the composites prepared by matrix b PIR matrix foam are superior to those prepared by matrix a PIR matrix foam, especially the thermal stability and flame-retardance of the composites, in order to reduce the viscosity of the system and increase the amount of silicon aerogel. So we should choose polyethylene glycol 600 with low viscosity in matrix b system as raw material to prepare PIR composite foam, so that composite foam has good dispersion property in matrix. Not only did the amount of granular silica aerogel reach 8%, but also the oxygen index of matrix foam in this low viscosity system was 29.4, which also reached the highest flame retardant value of polyurethane, the oxygen index of PIR composite foam compared with matrix foam in this low viscosity system. The compressive strength of the composite foam increased by 136.The specific strength of the composite foam increased by 136.The 92.2%.TG curve showed that the thermal stability of the composite increased significantly with the increase of the content of silica aerogel. The residual mass was increased by 20.4 and the thermal conductivity was reduced by 32.7than that of the matrix foam. (from the dose of silica aerogel to 0-8%), the thermal insulation effect of composite added granular Sio _ 2 aerogel was improved. FT-IR showed that the addition of silicon aerogel did not change the chemical structure of polyurethane. Only inorganic filler was used in polyurethane matrix. SEM shows that the composite with proper amount of Sio _ 2 aerogel can obtain a better bubble structure and a regular arrangement of the bubble pores, and has a significant improvement. Compared with the matrix foam, the composite has a smaller bubble structure and a larger density of the bubble pores, and the structure of the composite is better than that of the matrix foam, and the pore density of the composite is larger than that of the matrix foam. In order to further reduce the cost of composite foam, a kind of waste residue polyol was added on the basis of silicon aerogel. The results show that the mechanical properties of the composites with only waste residue polyols have been slightly reduced, and the other related properties have been improved. However, the PIR composite foam prepared by adding waste residue polyol and granular silicon aerogel into the matrix b can improve the flame retardancy and thermal insulation property, its compressive strength is increased by 25.4and the specific strength is increased by 22.0. The thermal stability increased by 61.8, the oxygen index increased by 17.0, the thermal conductivity decreased by 27.5 and the porosity of the bubble decreased. In a word, waste residue polyol and granular silica aerogel can improve the properties of the material and reduce the cost.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB332

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