本文選題：銅鋁復合材料 + 微觀結構��； 參考：《江蘇科技大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：銅和鋁都是良好的導體材料,在電力、電子、電器等領域具有非常廣泛的應用。地殼中的銅含量占0.01%,隨著銅資源的不斷短缺,上世紀六、七十年代就提倡“以鋁代銅”的方針,現(xiàn)在則是以鋁節(jié)銅。銅鋁雙金屬復合材料不僅僅具有銅材的導電導熱性好的優(yōu)點,同時具有鋁材的質(zhì)量輕、耐腐蝕、美觀和經(jīng)濟等優(yōu)點。銅鋁復合材料加工方法很多,作為電力系統(tǒng)過渡聯(lián)接金具,DL/T346標準規(guī)定,銅和鋁的連接可以采用摩擦焊、閃光焊、釬焊、爆炸焊接等焊接方式或銅鋁過渡復合片。銅鋁復合是異種材料連接,由銅鋁二元相圖可知,銅和鋁在固態(tài)下存在多種金屬間化合物,如CuAl2、CuAl、Cu2Al、Cu3Al2等,在焊接過程中產(chǎn)生的金屬間化合物,對接頭力學性能和導電性能都有影響。本文從組織到成分到性能分析銅鋁爆炸復合材料的優(yōu)劣,并將其與不同復合工藝下銅鋁復合材料做對比,從而為優(yōu)化過渡線夾及金具構件的制造工藝及推廣提供理論依據(jù)。由試驗可知,銅鋁爆炸復合材料的界面具有波狀特征。界面兩側發(fā)生了一定距離的塑性變形并且界面處硬度最大,隨著離界面距離的增大,硬度由大到小過渡到母材硬度。界面處存在明顯的前漩渦和不明顯的后漩渦,漩渦中的成分為CuAl和CuAl2,硬度值較大。界面處形成了厚度約為13μm的擴散層。波浪狀界面比平直界面多了機械咬合作用,故力學性能上優(yōu)于軋制、釬焊、擴散焊、閃光焊的平直界面。界面成分上,軋制界面的成分為銅鋁固溶體,“軋制+退火”界面的成分為銅鋁固溶體和金屬間化合物43lCuA。釬焊界面為釬料層。閃光焊界面形成了金屬間化合物Al4Cu9。擴散焊界面成分為銅鋁的固溶體和金屬間化合物94lCuA和43CuAl。爆炸復合界面化合物主要為CuAl和CuAl2。根據(jù)電阻率從小到大的順序,CuAl2CuAl43CuAlAl4Cu9。故在界面成分上,爆炸復合界面對導電性損耗小于其他工藝。不同復合工藝下的阻抗大小排序如下:擴散焊試樣釬焊試樣閃光焊試樣“軋制+退火”試樣軋制試樣爆炸焊試樣�？梢钥闯霰ê冈嚇与娮杪示哂袃�(yōu)勢。發(fā)生腐蝕的可能性為軋制最大,大小順序為軋制試樣釬焊試樣“軋制+退火”試樣爆炸焊試樣擴散焊試樣閃光焊試樣。腐蝕電流為擴散焊的最小,即擴散焊最耐腐蝕。其耐蝕性大小順序為擴散焊試樣閃光焊試樣爆炸焊試樣“軋制+退火”試樣軋制試樣釬焊試樣。綜上所述,銅鋁爆炸復合試樣和軋制、擴散焊、釬焊、閃光焊試樣對比,在導電性、力學性能和耐腐蝕性上都具有一定的優(yōu)勢。能夠為銅鋁過渡金具及構件的節(jié)能、安全服役提供較好的技術保障。
[Abstract]:Copper and aluminum are good conductor materials. They are widely used in electric power, electronics, electrical appliances and so on. The copper content in the earth's crust accounts for 0.01%. With the continuous shortage of copper resources, the policy of "replacing copper with aluminum" was advocated in the 1960s and 1970s, and now it is copper with aluminum. Cu-Al bimetallic composites not only have the advantages of good conductivity and thermal conductivity of copper, but also have the advantages of light weight, corrosion resistance, beauty and economy. There are many processing methods for copper-aluminum composite materials. As a power system transition joint hardware DL / T346 standard, copper and aluminum can be connected by friction welding, flash welding, brazing, explosive welding and other welding methods or Cu-Al transition composite. Cu-Al composite is a kind of dissimilar material. It can be seen from the binary phase diagram of Cu-Al that there are many intermetallic compounds in solid state, such as CuAl2AlCuAlCu2AlCu2AlOCu3Al2. The intermetallic compounds produced during welding have an effect on the mechanical properties and conductive properties of the joints. This paper analyzes the merits and demerits of Cu-Al explosive composites from microstructure to composition to properties, and compares them with Cu-Al composites under different compounding processes, thus providing a theoretical basis for optimizing the manufacturing process and popularization of transition clamps and fittings. It can be seen from the test that the interface of Cu / Al explosive composites has wave-like characteristics. Plastic deformation occurred at some distance on both sides of the interface and the hardness at the interface was the largest. With the increase of the distance from the interface, the hardness changed from large to small to base metal hardness. There are obvious front vortex and unobvious posterior vortex at the interface. The components of the vortex are CuAl and CuAl2, and the hardness is higher. A diffusion layer with a thickness of about 13 渭 m was formed at the interface. The wave interface has more mechanical bite than the flat interface, so its mechanical properties are better than those of rolling, brazing, diffusion welding and flash welding. The composition of the interface is Cu-Al solid solution, the "rolling annealing" interface is Cu-Al solid solution and intermetallic compound 43lCuA. The brazing interface is a brazing layer. The intermetallic compound Al _ 4Cu _ 9 was formed at the flash welding interface. The diffusion bonding interface consists of solid solution and intermetallic compounds 94lCuA and 43CuAl. CuAl and CuAl2 are the main compounds at the explosive interface. According to the order of resistivity from small to large, CuAl2CuAl43CuAl4Cu9. Therefore, the electrical conductivity loss of explosive composite interface is smaller than that of other processes. The order of impedance in different composite processes is as follows: diffusion welding specimen brazing specimen flash welding specimen "rolling annealing" sample rolling specimen explosive welding specimen. It can be seen that the resistivity of explosive welding specimen has advantages. The probability of corrosion is the greatest for rolling, and the order of size is "rolling annealed" sample, diffusion sample, flash welding specimen, and the order of size is "rolling annealing" specimen. Corrosion current is the minimum of diffusion welding, that is, diffusion welding is the most corrosion resistant. The order of corrosion resistance is diffusion welding specimen flash welding specimen explosive welding specimen "rolling annealing" sample rolling sample brazing specimen. To sum up, compared with the samples of rolling, diffusion welding, brazing and flash welding, Cu-Al explosive composite specimens have some advantages in electrical conductivity, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. It can provide better technical guarantee for energy saving and safe service of copper and aluminum transition hardware and components.
【學位授予單位】：江蘇科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB331

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相關期刊論文 前3條

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本文編號：1914015