本文選題：自修復(fù) + 微膠囊��； 參考：《陜西科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：不飽和聚酯(UP)復(fù)合材料因其優(yōu)異的力學(xué)性能、良好的耐熱性和抗疲勞性等特點,廣泛應(yīng)用于航天航空、電子和建筑等領(lǐng)域,但該材料在長期使用過程中會產(chǎn)生微裂紋,若微裂紋沒有及時修復(fù),將導(dǎo)致材料的力學(xué)性能和尺寸穩(wěn)定性下降,進(jìn)而影響材料的使用性能。微膠囊型功能性材料不僅可以提高復(fù)合材料的韌性,還可以通過對微裂紋的自動響應(yīng)實現(xiàn)對微裂紋的自修復(fù),使其在新材料研究領(lǐng)域備受青睞。然而由于微膠囊配方體系的不同,合成工藝的差異,導(dǎo)致其微觀結(jié)構(gòu)差異較大,且與基材的界面結(jié)合程度也不同,進(jìn)而影響復(fù)合材料的基本性能。碳纖維(CF)因其比強(qiáng)度高、比模量高、摩擦系數(shù)低等優(yōu)點而經(jīng)常用作樹脂基復(fù)合材料的增強(qiáng)體,但其呈化學(xué)惰性、表面能低、與樹脂基體粘結(jié)性差等缺點限制了在復(fù)合材料中的發(fā)展。因此如何實現(xiàn)復(fù)合材料自修復(fù)功能長期穩(wěn)定性的同時,盡量減少因微膠囊和CF的引入而導(dǎo)致的復(fù)合材料性能下降是迫切需要解決的問題。本研究采用原位聚合法以三聚氰胺-脲醛樹脂為壁材,環(huán)氧樹脂(E-51)為芯材制備微膠囊(MUF),將其應(yīng)用于碳纖維增強(qiáng)不飽和聚酯(CF/UP)復(fù)合材料中,詳細(xì)探討了CF和MUF含量對UP復(fù)合材料結(jié)構(gòu)和性能的影響,確定了最佳用量。通過光學(xué)顯微鏡(OM)和掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)觀察MUF的表面形貌;傅里葉變換紅外光譜儀(FTIR)對MUF、CF/UP復(fù)合材料和微膠囊/碳纖維/不飽和聚酯(MUF/CF/UP)復(fù)合材料的化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行表征;熱重分析儀(TGA)、動態(tài)力學(xué)分析儀(DMA)、懸臂梁沖擊儀和萬能拉力試驗機(jī)對復(fù)合材料的熱學(xué)、力學(xué)性能及自修復(fù)性能進(jìn)行測試。結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)CF和MUF含量均為1wt%時,MUF/CF/UP復(fù)合材料的熱學(xué)、力學(xué)性能及自修復(fù)性能較佳,但由于MUF和CF與UP基體的相容性較差,MUF和CF的加入仍對復(fù)合材料的性能造成了影響。為改善上述問題,通過表面處理法和化學(xué)接枝法分別對CF和MUF進(jìn)行改性,探討了改性劑種類、改性工藝、改性方法對CF及MUF表面形貌、化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)及熱性能的影響,研究了不同改性工藝制備的CF及MUF對MUF/CF/UP復(fù)合材料熱學(xué)、力學(xué)性能及自修復(fù)性能的影響。通過FTIR表征改性前后MUF、CF及復(fù)合材料的化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu);SEM觀察改性前后MUF、CF的表面形貌變化及MUF、CF在復(fù)合材料中的分散性;X射線光電子能譜儀(XPS)研究MUF及CF與改性劑界面間的相互作用力,揭示改性劑的作用機(jī)理;并利用TGA、DMA、沖擊試驗機(jī)、硬度計、萬能拉力試驗機(jī)等研究自修復(fù)組分對UP復(fù)合材料熱學(xué)、力學(xué)性能及自修復(fù)性能的影響。結(jié)果表明,H_2O_2與濃HNO_3處理20min后的CF(OCF_和OCF2)及KH-570接枝改性的CF(KCF)表面粗糙度和活性官能團(tuán)含量均增加,從而改善了CF與UP基體的界面相容性。其中MUF/OCF_/UP復(fù)合材料較MUF/OCF2/UP復(fù)合材料而言,綜合力學(xué)性能更好,MUF/KCF/UP復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能最佳,自修復(fù)效率較高,可達(dá)67.03%。表明CF經(jīng)過改性后,改善了其與基體的界面相容性,提高了復(fù)合材料的性能。KH-151與KH-570于60℃時表面處理的微膠囊(MUF1和MUF2)及KH-570接枝改性的微膠囊(MUF_3)形狀規(guī)則、表面粗糙,與UP基體結(jié)合更加緊密。比較可得,MUF2/OCF_/UP復(fù)合材料的綜合力學(xué)性能比MUF1/OCF_/UP復(fù)合材料的好,MUF_3/OCF_/UP自修復(fù)復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能最佳,自修復(fù)效率較高,可達(dá)70.77%。表明MUF的改性可以提高微膠囊與不飽和聚酯基體材料之間的界面結(jié)合力。
[Abstract]:Unsaturated polyester (UP) composites are widely used in aerospace, electronic and architectural fields because of their excellent mechanical properties, good heat resistance and fatigue resistance. However, microcracks will occur during the long term use of the materials. If the micro cracks are not repaired in time, the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of the materials will be reduced. The microcapsule type functional material can not only improve the toughness of the composite, but also realize the self repair of micro cracks by the automatic response to the micro crack, which makes it popular in the research field of new materials. However, the difference in the synthetic process of the microcapsule formulation system leads to the microjunction of the microencapsulation. The structure of the carbon fiber (CF) is often used as an enhancer for resin based composites because of its high specific strength, high specific modulus and low friction coefficient, but its chemical inertness, low surface energy and poor adhesion to the resin matrix are limited by the advantages of high specific strength, high modulus and low friction coefficient. The development of composite materials, therefore, how to realize the long-term stability of composite self repair function and minimize the degradation of composite properties caused by the introduction of microcapsules and CF is an urgent problem to be solved. In this study, in situ polymerization, melamine urea formaldehyde resin was used as wall material and epoxy resin (E-51) as core material. Microcapsules (MUF) were prepared and applied to carbon fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester (CF/UP) composites. The effects of CF and MUF content on the structure and properties of UP composites were discussed in detail. The optimum dosage was determined. The surface morphology of MUF was observed by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM); Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) was used to observe the surface morphology of MUF. The chemical structure of MUF, CF/UP composites and microcapsule / carbon fiber / unsaturated polyester (MUF/CF/UP) composites was characterized; thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), cantilever beam impact instrument and universal tension test machine were used to test the thermal, mechanical and self repair properties of the composites. The results showed that when CF and MUF contained the composites, the composite materials were tested. When the quantity is 1wt%, the thermal, mechanical and self repairing properties of MUF/CF/UP composites are better. But because of the poor compatibility of MUF and CF with UP matrix, the addition of MUF and CF still affects the properties of the composites. In order to improve the above problems, the modification of CF and MUF is carried out by surface treatment and chemical grafting method, and the modification is discussed. The effects of agent type, modification process, modification method on the surface morphology, chemical structure and thermal properties of CF and MUF, and the effects of CF and MUF on the thermal, mechanical and self repairing properties of MUF/CF/UP composites prepared by different modification processes. The chemical structure of MUF, CF and composite materials were characterized by FTIR; SEM observed before and after the modification of MUF, C. The surface morphology changes of F and the dispersion of MUF and CF in the composite; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study the interaction force between MUF and the interface of CF and modifier, reveal the mechanism of action of the modifier, and use TGA, DMA, impact testing machine, hardness tester, universal tensile test machine to study the thermal and mechanical properties of the self repairing component to UP composite. The results show that the surface roughness and active functional group content of CF (KCF) and CF (KCF) modified by CF (OCF_ and OCF2) and KH-570 graft modified by H_2O_2 and 20min are all increased, and the interfacial compatibility between CF and UP matrix is improved. It is better that the mechanical properties of MUF/KCF/UP composites are the best and the self repairing efficiency is high, and the 67.03%. shows that after the modification of CF, the interfacial compatibility between the composite and the matrix is improved, and the microcapsules (MUF1 and MUF2) and the microcapsule (MUF_3) shape rule of the KH-570 graft modified by KH-570 at 60 C are improved. The surface of the MUF2/OCF_/UP composite is better than that of the MUF1/OCF_/UP composite. The mechanical properties of the MUF_3/OCF_/UP self repairing composites are the best and the self repairing efficiency is higher. The 70.77%. shows that the modification of MUF can improve the microencapsulation and unsaturated polyester matrix. The bonding force between the interface.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB332

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本文編號：1913513