本文選題：電分析化學 + 電化學免疫傳感器�。� 參考：《西北大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：電化學免疫傳感器不僅具有免疫分析的特異性,還具有電分析化學簡便、靈敏等優(yōu)勢,能將抗原-抗體相互作用信息轉(zhuǎn)化為易測的電信號,已成為電分析化學最熱門的研究領域之一。納米材料的飛速發(fā)展,不僅為抗體/抗原在電極表面的固載提供了良好的基體,還可通過多功能納米探針為高靈敏電化學免疫傳感器的構(gòu)建提供新穎的信號放大策略,從而改善免疫傳感器的分析性能。本文構(gòu)建了三種基于多功能納米探針的新型電化學免疫傳感器,分別用于人免疫球蛋白(IgG)和癌胚抗原(CEA)的檢測,并得到了較好的分析性能,具體工作如下:(1)基于金、銀納米簇的電化學免疫傳感器。該傳感器利用銀納米簇固載抗體,金納米簇標記二抗并作為晶核誘導銀納米粒子生成,然后進行電化學還原二次增強銀的沉積,借助沉積銀的電氧化信號達到定量檢測CEA的目標。在優(yōu)化實驗條件下,該免疫傳感器的線性范圍是0.01pg·mL-1～100 ng·mL-1,檢出限為1 fg·mL-1。與其他一些基于金、銀納米粒子的傳感器相比,該免疫傳感器利用超小尺寸的納米粒子(納米簇)固載和標記抗體,提高了抗體的有效利用率;通過金納米簇對AgN03原位還原和電化學還原雙重作用來放大信號,提高了傳感器的靈敏度。(2)基于多功能銀納米探針與Fe304磁性納米粒子的免標記電化學免疫傳感器。該傳感器通過將固載抗體的Fe304磁性納米粒子吸引到預先電沉積了銀納米粒子的磁性電極上構(gòu)建而成。沉積在電極表面的銀納米粒子不但增強了界面導電性,而且可作為電化學探針提供信號源;Fe304磁性納米粒子不僅可通過氨基化處理負載大量抗體,還能利用其與磁性電極之間的磁力將抗體固定在電極表面。在最優(yōu)實驗條件下,以IgG作為目標分析物,該免疫傳感器的線性范圍為0.1 pg·mL-1～1.0 μg·mL-1,檢出限為0.05 pg·mL-1。該傳感器無需使用第二抗體,并且在構(gòu)建過程中利用了電沉積、磁性作用和化學交聯(lián)等固定方法,很大程度上保證了傳感器的穩(wěn)定性。(3)基于金納米棒的電荷標記型電化學免疫傳感器。金納米棒表面通過巰基試劑自組裝實現(xiàn)電荷標記和負載二抗的功能。以碳納米管和殼聚糖復合物(CNTs-Chit)為基底將癌胚抗原抗體交聯(lián)在基體電極表面,通過夾心型免疫反應在電極表面組裝上金納米棒,利用Fe(CN)63-的電化學氧化還原信號研究界面靜電作用對電化學免疫傳感器分析性能的影響。金納米棒大的比表面積為荷負電(功能)分子的修飾和抗體的固定提供了平臺。在優(yōu)化實驗條件下,該免疫傳感器檢測CEA的線性范圍為1 fg·mL-1～100ng·mL_1,檢出限為0.1fg·mL_1。該傳感器旨在探索通過電荷標記構(gòu)建高靈敏電化學免疫傳感器的可能,從研究結(jié)果來看,傳感界面的靜電作用有助于改善免疫傳感器的分析性能。該傳感器相比其他基于Fe(CN)63-氧化還原信號的電化學免疫傳感器具有較低的檢出限。
[Abstract]:Electrochemical immunosensor not only has the specificity of immunological analysis, but also has the advantages of simple and sensitive electroanalytical chemistry, which can transform the information of antigen-antibody interaction into electrical signals that are easy to measure. It has become one of the hottest research fields in electroanalytical chemistry. The rapid development of nanomaterials not only provides a good substrate for the immobilization of antibodies / antigens on the electrode surface, but also provides novel signal amplification strategies for the construction of highly sensitive electrochemical immunosensors through multifunctional nano-probes. In order to improve the analytical performance of the immunosensor. In this paper, three novel electrochemical immunosensors based on multifunctional nanoprobes were constructed for the detection of human immunoglobulin (IgG) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Electrochemical immunosensor for silver nanoclusters. The sensor uses silver nanoclusters to immobilize antibodies and gold nanoclusters to label the second antibody and act as nuclei to induce the formation of silver nanoparticles, and then electrochemical reduction secondary enhancement of silver deposition. The target of quantitative detection of CEA is achieved by electrooxidation signal of deposited silver. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the linear range of the immunosensor was 0.01pg mL-1~100 ng mL -1, and the detection limit was 1fg mL -1. Compared with other sensors based on gold and silver nanoparticles, the immunosensor uses ultrasmall nanoparticles (nanoclusters) to immobilize and label antibodies, thus increasing the effective utilization rate of antibodies. In order to amplify the signal through the dual action of gold nanoclusters on AgN03 in situ reduction and electrochemical reduction, the sensitivity of the sensor is improved. The sensor is based on multifunctional silver nanoparticles and Fe304 magnetic nanoparticles. The sensor was constructed by attracting the Fe304 magnetic nanoparticles loaded with antibodies onto the magnetic electrode where silver nanoparticles were pre-deposited. The silver nanoparticles deposited on the electrode surface not only enhance the interfacial conductivity, but also provide a signal source for Fe304 magnetic nanoparticles, which can not only support a large number of antibodies through amination treatment. The antibody can also be immobilized on the surface of the electrode using the magnetic force between it and the magnetic electrode. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the linear range of the immunosensor was 0.1 PG mL-1~1.0 渭 g mL -1 and the detection limit was 0.05 PG mL -1 with IgG as the target analyte. The sensor does not need to use a second antibody and uses electrodeposition, magnetic interaction and chemical crosslinking in the construction process. The stability of the electrochemical immunosensor based on gold nanorods is largely guaranteed. The surface of gold nanorods can be labeled with charge and loaded with second antibody by self-assembly of thiol reagents. The carcinoembryonic antigen antibody was cross-linked on the surface of the matrix electrode using CNTs-Chit-based carbon nanotube and chitosan complex as the substrate. The gold nanorods were assembled on the electrode surface by sandwich immunoreaction. The effect of interface electrostatic action on the analytical performance of electrochemical immunosensor was studied by using the electrochemical redox signal of Fegna CNN 63-. The large specific surface area of gold nanorods provides a platform for the modification of charged (functional) molecules and the fixation of antibodies. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the linear range of CEA detected by the immunosensor was 1fg mL-1~100ng mLS _ 1, and the detection limit was 0.1fg mL _ 1. The aim of the sensor is to explore the possibility of constructing a highly sensitive electrochemical immunosensor by charge labeling. The results show that the electrostatic action of the sensing interface can improve the analytical performance of the immunosensor. Compared with other electrochemical immunosensors based on Fegna CNC 63-redox signal, the detection limit of this sensor is lower than that of other electrochemical immunosensors.
【學位授予單位】：西北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB383.1;TP212.2

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