發(fā)布時間：2018-04-26 05:26

  本文選題：金屬納米結(jié)構 + 非局域特性��； 參考：《安徽大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著科學技術的不斷發(fā)展,各種小尺寸物體的電磁特性得到了越來越深入的研究。本文研究的納米結(jié)構材料,由于其不同于大尺寸材料的特殊性質(zhì),成為當下研究的熱點之一。納米材料是指在三維空間中至少有一維處于納米尺度范圍(1-100nm)或由它們作為基本單元構成的材料,這大約相當于10-100個原子緊密排列在一起的尺度。納米材料有天然材料和人工材料,隨著生成技術的不斷發(fā)展,納米級金屬顆粒的制作和研究也進一步深入。由于納米材料的尺寸已經(jīng)接近電子的相干長度,它的性質(zhì)因為強相干所帶來的自組織使得性質(zhì)發(fā)生很大變化,例如熔點、磁性、光學、導熱、導電特性等等,往往不同于該物質(zhì)在整體狀態(tài)時所表現(xiàn)的性質(zhì)。當物質(zhì)的尺寸小到一定程度時,就不能只用傳統(tǒng)理論的觀點來描述它的行為。本文基于Mie氏理論以解析解的形式研究了金屬納米結(jié)構的非局域(nonlocal)特性及其非線性(nonlinear)特性。其中以Drude模型和非局域流體動力學模型為基礎研究了金屬納米線、金屬納米球以及金屬納米管的非局域特性,推導出其消光截面的解析式。進一步研究了在不同尺寸下,其對周圍介質(zhì)的非局域特性;以非諧振振子模型為基礎研究了金屬納米球的非線性特性,推導出其非線性情況下的電場表達式,將非線性場用一系列的球矢量波函數(shù)展開,進一步研究了其遠場特性及極化度。由于納米結(jié)構的非局域特性和非線性特性使其對周圍介質(zhì)具有較高的敏感度,因此納米結(jié)構材料可以被設計成探測傳感器用來感測物質(zhì)的物理化學性質(zhì)。本文的研究可以為設計一種新型的納米探測器作為參考。本文的主要工作有:1.充分調(diào)研并了解了目前國內(nèi)外金屬納米結(jié)構非局域特性及非線性特性的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,介紹了非局域特性及非線性特性的研究背景,闡明本文所做工作的重要性。2.闡述了研究金屬納米結(jié)構非局域特性及非線性特性所用的Mie氏理論及用到的Drude模型、非局域流體動力學模型和非諧振振子模型。3.研究了不同尺寸金屬納米線、球及不同內(nèi)外半徑比金屬納米管的非局域特性,給出了其消光截面的解析解,并比較了不同情況下金屬納米管對周圍介質(zhì)的靈敏度。4.研究了金屬納米球的非線性特性,給出了其在在一次諧波、二次諧波、三次諧波情況下電場的解析式,并進一步研究了其遠場特性及極化度。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology, the electromagnetic characteristics of various small-sized objects have been studied more and more deeply. The nanostructured materials studied in this paper have become one of the research hotspots because of their special properties different from large-sized materials. Nanomaterials are materials that have at least one dimension in the nanoscale range of 1-100nm in three-dimensional space or are composed of them as basic units, which is equivalent to the scale of 10-100 atoms closely arranged together. There are natural and artificial materials in nanomaterials. With the development of generation technology, the preparation and research of nanocrystalline metal particles are further studied. Because the size of nanomaterials is close to the coherent length of electrons, the properties of nanomaterials have changed greatly because of the self-organization brought about by strong coherence, such as melting point, magnetism, optics, heat conduction, conductivity and so on. It is often different from the nature of the substance in its overall state. When matter is small enough, its behavior cannot be described by conventional theory alone. In this paper, the nonlocal nonlinearity and nonlinear nonlinearity of metal nanostructures are studied in the form of analytical solutions based on Mie's theory. The nonlocal properties of metal nanowires, metal nanospheres and metal nanotubes are studied on the basis of Drude model and non-local hydrodynamic model, and the analytical formula of extinction cross section is derived. The nonlocal properties of the metal nanospheres with different sizes are further studied, and the nonlinear properties of the metal nanospheres are studied based on the nonresonant oscillator model, and the electric field expression under the nonlinear condition is derived. The nonlinear field is expanded by a series of spherical vector wave functions, and its far-field characteristics and polarization are further studied. Because the nonlocal and nonlinear properties of nanostructures make them highly sensitive to the surrounding media, nanostructured materials can be designed to detect the physical and chemical properties of substances by sensors. The research in this paper can be used as a reference for the design of a new nanometer detector. The main work of this paper is: 1. The development status of nonlocal and nonlinear characteristics of metal nanostructures at home and abroad is fully investigated. The research background of nonlocal and nonlinear characteristics is introduced, and the importance of the work done in this paper is clarified. The Mie's theory and Drude model, nonlocal hydrodynamic model and nonresonant oscillator model used to study the nonlocal and nonlinear properties of metal nanostructures are described. The nonlocal properties of metal nanowires, spheres and metal nanotubes with different ratios of inner and outer radii are studied. The analytical solution of extinction cross section is given, and the sensitivity of metal nanotubes to surrounding media under different conditions is compared. The nonlinear characteristics of metal nanospheres are studied, and the analytical expressions of electric field in the case of first harmonic, second harmonic and third harmonic are given, and the far field characteristics and polarization of metal nanospheres are further studied.
【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB383.1

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