本文選題：靜電紡絲 + 碳納米纖維�。� 參考：《東華大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：淡水是人類及一切生物賴以生存的必不可少的重要物質，，是工農業(yè)生產、經濟發(fā)展和環(huán)境改善不可替代的極為寶貴的自然資源。淡水資源短缺是目前正面臨的全球問題。海水或者苦咸水淡化對解決這一重大問題來說具有重要意義。因此開發(fā)高效的脫鹽淡化技術至關重要。電容器脫鹽，又稱電容去離子（CDI）是一種新型的電化學水處理技術。與現(xiàn)有的反滲透和電滲析等膜技術相比，CDI技術操作成本低，無二次污染，是目前比較受廣大研究者關注的一種新型除鹽技術。電極材料是制約CDI技術發(fā)展的關鍵。碳納米纖維是一種出色的電極材料。靜電紡絲技術是一種非常簡單的制備纖維材料的方法。聚丙烯腈（PAN）具有良好的可紡性和相對較高的碳產量，而且經過預氧化、碳化后可以直接獲得碳納米纖維（CNF），被廣泛選擇用于制造CNF的前驅體。然而，以純PAN作前驅體靜電紡絲制備的碳納米纖維電極結構性能不佳，離子吸附能力較差。 本文選用氯化鋅（ZnCl2）、醋酸鋅（Zn(Ac)2）為添加劑，通過靜電紡絲技術制備納米纖維，在后續(xù)預氧化、碳化處理過程中添加劑分解為ZnO負載在纖維內部，得到ZnO分布均勻的ZnO-碳復合納米纖維，并作為電極用于電容脫鹽。利用能量色散譜、X射線光電子能譜、透射電鏡、拉曼光譜、熱重分析、場發(fā)射掃描電鏡、接觸角測量儀和電化學技術研究了不同添加劑對纖維元素成分、結構性能的影響以及不同配比對電容脫鹽的影響。主要研究成果如下： 通過在紡絲前驅液中加入添加劑ZnCl2靜電紡制備ZnCl2/PAN復合納米纖維原絲，由于ZnCl2在熱處理過程中高溫分解，經預氧化、碳化和水洗，得到ZnO-CNF(ZnCl2)復合納米纖維。研究表明其親水性增加，石墨化程度提高，ZnO分布均勻。以ZnO-CNF(ZnCl2)為電極材料組裝電容器，脫鹽量大大提高，且脫鹽量與ZnO含量成正比關系，ZnO含量越高，其脫鹽效果越好。當ZnCl2添加比例為2wt%時，EDS測得ZnO-CNF(ZnCl2)中負載的ZnO含量最高，其對應的脫鹽量較大，最大脫鹽量為8.35mg/g，電流效率為69.89%。 通過在紡絲前驅液中加入添加劑Zn(Ac)2靜電紡制備Zn(Ac)2/PAN復合納米纖維原絲，所得纖維均勻性更好，經預氧化、碳化和水洗，得到ZnO分布均勻的ZnO-CNF(Zn(Ac)2)復合納米纖維。SEM及TEM表征表明纖維表面ZnO分布均勻。以ZnO-CNF(Zn(Ac)2)為電極材料組裝電容器用電容脫鹽，脫鹽量與ZnO含量成正比關系，ZnO含量越高，其脫鹽效果越好。當Zn(Ac)2添加比例為3wt%時，ZnO-CNF(Zn(Ac)2)中負載的ZnO含量最高。以此電極組裝電容器進行電容脫鹽，最大脫鹽量為11.24mg/g，電流效率為58.74%。 綜上所述，以ZnCl2和Zn(Ac)2為添加劑制得的ZnO-碳復合納米纖維皆可應用于電容脫鹽，且脫鹽性能良好，有望應用于實際脫鹽。對比兩種材料發(fā)現(xiàn)，以Zn(Ac)2為添加劑制得的ZnO-碳復合納米纖維電極的脫鹽量更高。
[Abstract]:Fresh water is an indispensable and important material for human beings and all living things. It is an irreplaceable and valuable natural resource for industrial and agricultural production, economic development and environmental improvement. The shortage of fresh water is a global problem. Desalination of seawater or brackish water is of great significance in solving this major problem. Therefore, it is very important to develop efficient desalination and desalination technology. Capacitor desalination, also known as capacitor deionization (CDI), is a new electrochemical water treatment technology. Compared with the existing membrane technologies such as reverse osmosis and electrodialysis, the CDI technology has low operating cost and no secondary pollution, so it is a new desalination technology which has been paid more attention to by many researchers at present. Electrode material is the key to the development of CDI technology. Carbon nanofibers are an excellent electrode material. Electrostatic spinning is a very simple method for preparing fiber materials. Polyacrylonitrile (pan) has good spinnability and relatively high carbon yield, and after carbonization, carbon nanofibers can be directly obtained. However, the carbon nanofiber electrode prepared by electrospinning with pure PAN as precursor has poor structure performance and poor ion adsorption ability. In this paper, zinc chloride (ZnCl _ 2) and zinc acetate (Zn _ 2O _ 3) were used as additives to prepare nanofibers by electrostatic spinning. The additives were decomposed into ZnO loaded fibers during subsequent preoxidation and carbonization. ZnO- carbon nanofibers with uniform ZnO distribution were obtained and used as electrodes for capacitor desalination. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope, Raman spectrum, thermogravimetric analysis, field emission scanning electron microscope, contact angle measuring instrument and electrochemical technique were used to study the composition of fiber elements with different additives. The influence of structure performance and different ratio on capacitance desalting. The main findings are as follows: The ZnCl2/PAN composite nanofiber precursor was prepared by adding the additive ZnCl2 electrospun into the spinning precursor solution. Because the ZnCl2 was decomposed at high temperature during the heat treatment, the composite nanofibers were prepared by pre-oxidation, carbonization and water washing. The results show that the increase of hydrophilicity and the increase of graphitization degree lead to uniform distribution of ZnO. Using ZnO-CNFU ZnCl2) as the electrode material, the desalination amount is greatly increased, and the higher the ZnO content is, the better the desalting effect is. When the proportion of ZnCl2 added is 2 wt%, the loading ZnO content is the highest, the corresponding desalting amount is larger, the maximum desalting amount is 8.35 mg / g, and the current efficiency is 69.89%. The Zn(Ac)2/PAN composite nanofiber precursor was prepared by adding the additive Zn(Ac)2 electrospun into the spinning precursor solution. The obtained fiber has better homogeneity and is preoxidized, carbonized and washed. The ZnO distribution of ZnO-CNF / ZnAZAK _ (2)) composite nanofibers was obtained. The results showed that the ZnO distribution on the surface of the fibers was uniform. The capacitance desalination of capacitors assembled with ZnO-CNF Zn-Zn-AZO _ 2) was carried out. The higher the content of ZnO was, the better the desalination effect of the capacitors was when the amount of desalination was in direct proportion to the content of ZnO-CNF _ (2). When the ratio of Zn(Ac)2 was 3 wt%, the content of ZnO was the highest. The capacitor was desalted with this electrode, the maximum desalting amount was 11.24 mg / g, and the current efficiency was 58.74%. In conclusion, ZnO-carbon nanofibers prepared with ZnCl2 and Zn(Ac)2 as additives can be used in capacitive desalination, and the desalination performance is good, which is expected to be used in practical desalination. Compared with the two materials, it was found that the amount of desalination of ZnO-carbon composite nanofiber electrode prepared with Zn(Ac)2 as additive was higher.
【學位授予單位】：東華大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ343;TB383.1

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