本文選題：低溫絕熱 + 多層絕熱　； 參考：《浙江大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：航天運輸系統(tǒng)中的低溫推進劑(液氫/液氧)相對于常規(guī)推進劑,具有更大的比沖,而且無毒無污染,是效率最高的化學推進劑。低溫推進劑在軌貯存中需要高效的絕熱技術,其較為常見的方案是復合高真空多層絕熱材料,它主要由泡沫和多層絕熱材料復合而成。目前,高真空多層絕熱材料是絕熱性能最好的材料,通常稱為"超級絕熱",但是其性能受到層間真空度、多層材料層密度、材料厚度、邊界溫度等諸多因素影響,而且理論計算方法又存在多種局限性。因此,搭建一套可靠的復合高真空多層絕熱材料性能測試系統(tǒng),以及建立一套有效的性能預測方法,對今后復合高真空多層材料標準化測量和工程應用具有重要作用。為此,本文主要做了以下工作:首先介紹了各種低溫絕熱材料及其優(yōu)缺點,系統(tǒng)地整理高真空多層絕熱材料的發(fā)展歷史以及其性能影響因素。對幾種典型的國內(nèi)外試驗平臺進行了詳細的分析,同時介紹了最新基于制冷機的材料測試方法。根據(jù)目前復合高真空多層絕熱材料性能計算的方法,同時結合復合多層絕熱材料中的氣體傳熱,固體傳熱和輻射傳熱的基礎理論,建立計算復合高真空多層絕熱材料性能的理論模型,并基于MatLab編制性能預測程序。搭建復合高真空多層絕熱材料測試系統(tǒng),其主要由量熱器系統(tǒng)、抽真空系統(tǒng)、數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)和輔助系統(tǒng)組成。通過實驗測試以及理論計算,驗證其可靠性,同時分析其誤差以保證測量精度。根據(jù)實際應用,測試帶一定預緊力的復合多層絕熱材料,驗證了其性能優(yōu)于單一的聚氨酯泡沫材料,測試結果表明復合高真空多層絕材料性能最好為2.58×104W/m·K。根據(jù)實驗測試結果,通過修正理論計算模型來預測實驗測試限制下的復合高真空多層絕熱材料的性能。
[Abstract]:The cryogenic propellants (liquid hydrogen / liquid oxygen) in space transportation systems have higher specific impulse than conventional propellants, and are non-toxic and pollution-free, so they are the most efficient chemical propellants.High efficient adiabatic technology is needed for cryogenic propellant storage in orbit. The common method is to compound high vacuum multilayer adiabatic material, which is mainly composed of foam and multilayer adiabatic material.At present, the high vacuum multilayer adiabatic material is the best adiabatic material, which is usually called "super adiabatic", but its performance is affected by many factors, such as interlayer vacuum degree, multilayer material layer density, material thickness, boundary temperature and so on.Moreover, there are many limitations in the theoretical calculation method.Therefore, it is important for the standardization measurement and engineering application of composite high vacuum multilayer materials to set up a reliable testing system for the performance of multilayer composite high vacuum insulation materials and to establish a set of effective performance prediction methods.The main work of this paper is as follows: firstly, various low temperature adiabatic materials and their merits and demerits are introduced, and the development history of high vacuum multilayer adiabatic materials and the influencing factors of their properties are introduced systematically.Several typical test platforms at home and abroad are analyzed in detail, and the latest material testing methods based on refrigerators are introduced.According to the current method for calculating the properties of composite high vacuum multilayer adiabatic materials, and combining with the basic theories of gas heat transfer, solid heat transfer and radiation heat transfer in composite multilayer adiabatic materials,A theoretical model for calculating the properties of composite high vacuum multilayer adiabatic materials is established, and a performance prediction program based on MatLab is developed.The test system of composite high vacuum multilayer adiabatic material is built, which is mainly composed of calorimeter system, vacuum pumping system, data acquisition system and auxiliary system.The reliability is verified by experimental test and theoretical calculation, and the error is analyzed to ensure the measurement accuracy.According to the practical application, the composite multilayer adiabatic material with certain preloading force is tested, and its performance is better than that of the single polyurethane foam material. The test results show that the properties of the composite high vacuum multilayer adiabatic material is 2.58 脳 104W/m K.Based on the experimental results, the properties of the composite high vacuum multilayer adiabatic materials limited by the experimental test are predicted by modifying the theoretical calculation model.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB33

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