本文選題：Fe_3O_4/改性煤渣 + 蒙脫土/碳球��； 參考：《寧夏大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：二十世紀(jì)八十年代以來(lái),隨著我國(guó)改革開放步伐的加快,工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)和科技業(yè)等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域都取得了較大的進(jìn)步。尤其是工業(yè)水平的發(fā)展,它在提高我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)水平的同時(shí)造成了環(huán)境各個(gè)方面的日益污染,比如工業(yè)廢水的隨意排放,其中含有的重金屬離子和有機(jī)染料可以間接地通過別的途徑危害人類的身體健康。重金屬離子Cr(VI)具有非常強(qiáng)的毒性,可以致癌致畸形致突變,已經(jīng)被列為危害人體最大的八種化學(xué)物質(zhì)之一;有機(jī)染料羅丹明B(RhB)和亞甲基藍(lán)(MB)具有的復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu),使得被其污染的工業(yè)廢水難以進(jìn)行徹底的脫色處理。因此,選擇合適的方法治理工業(yè)廢水中的污染物,對(duì)于保證人類的身體健康具有重大的意義。由于吸附法具有設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)單、適用范圍廣、處理效果好、吸附劑可再生使用和一般不會(huì)產(chǎn)生二次污染的優(yōu)點(diǎn),本論文通過制備具有吸附性能的碳基復(fù)合材料,將其用于對(duì)工業(yè)廢水中的重金屬離子Cr(VI)、有機(jī)染料羅丹明B(RhB)和亞甲基藍(lán)(MB)的吸附性能研究。主要的研究成果如下:1.以鹽酸浸泡鍋爐房的廢棄煤渣即改性煤渣為前驅(qū)體,采用溶劑熱法制備了磁性四氧化三鐵(Fe_3O_4)/改性煤渣復(fù)合材料,運(yùn)用掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)、X射線粉末衍射儀(XRD)、X射線光電子能譜儀(XPS)、傅里葉紅外光譜儀(FT-1R)和物理吸附儀(BET)的表征手段對(duì)復(fù)合材料進(jìn)行表征測(cè)試。以此材料為Cr(VI)離子的吸附劑,考察吸附劑用量、時(shí)間、Cr(VI)離子溶液的初始pH值和初始濃度因素對(duì)材料吸附性能的影響。結(jié)果表明,此吸附反應(yīng)在1.5 g的吸附劑用量,60 min的吸附時(shí)間和初始pH值為3.00的Cr(VI)離子溶液的條件下,其吸附效果最好。動(dòng)力學(xué)分析可知,磁性Fe_3O_4/改性煤渣對(duì)Cr(VI)離子溶液的吸附符合準(zhǔn)二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)方程,連續(xù)進(jìn)行五次吸附/再生循環(huán)后,材料的吸附率均在90%以上,表明Fe_3O_4/改性煤渣具有較好的循環(huán)可再生性,而四氧化三鐵本身具有的磁性可用于廢水處理過程的快速分離。2.以原性蒙脫土為前驅(qū)體,十六烷基三甲基溴化銨(CTAB)為表面活性劑,葡萄糖為碳源,采用溶劑熱法制備了蒙脫土/碳球復(fù)合材料,運(yùn)用SEM、XRD、XPS、FT-1R和BET的表征手段對(duì)復(fù)合材料進(jìn)行表征測(cè)試。把該復(fù)合材料作為對(duì)羅丹明B(RhB)的吸附劑,探究該吸附劑材料的用量、吸附時(shí)間、RhB溶液的初始pH值和初始濃度以及吸附溫度等因素對(duì)其吸附性能的影響。其結(jié)果表明,吸附溫度是45℃,反應(yīng)吸附劑用量0.3 g,吸附時(shí)間為15 min,溶液初始pH值為5.00的RhB溶液的條件下,其吸附效果最好。動(dòng)力學(xué)模擬分析可知,蒙脫土/碳球?qū)hB的吸附符合準(zhǔn)二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)方程。蒙脫土/碳球?qū)hB的吸附符合Langmuir等溫吸附模型。吸附熱力學(xué)參數(shù)表明蒙脫土/碳球?qū)hB的吸附是自發(fā)的、吸熱的物理吸附反應(yīng)。對(duì)吸附劑循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性測(cè)試結(jié)果表明,該吸附劑連續(xù)進(jìn)行五次吸附/再生循環(huán)后,材料對(duì)于RhB的吸附率均在90%左右。表明蒙脫土/碳球具有較好的吸附循環(huán)可再生性。3.以葡萄糖為碳源,可溶性無(wú)機(jī)鹽氯化鈉為模板,在500℃的高溫下鍛燒制備成多孔碳材料,運(yùn)用SEM、XRD、XPS、FT-1R和BET的表征手段對(duì)其進(jìn)行表征測(cè)試。以葡萄糖作為碳源高溫碳化所制備的多孔碳材料對(duì)亞甲基藍(lán)(MB)進(jìn)行吸附實(shí)驗(yàn)。通過研究該材料的用量、吸附時(shí)間、MB溶液的初始濃度和初始pH值以及溫度等因素對(duì)該吸附實(shí)驗(yàn)的影響。其結(jié)果表明,此吸附反應(yīng)在0.0075 g的吸附劑用量,2 min的吸附時(shí)間,pH值為6.00的MB溶液和吸附溫度是25℃的條件下,其吸附效果最好。動(dòng)力學(xué)分析可知,多孔碳對(duì)MB的吸附符合準(zhǔn)二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)方程。多孔碳對(duì)MB的吸附符合Langmuir等溫吸附模型。吸附熱力學(xué)參數(shù)表明多孔碳對(duì)MB的吸附是自發(fā)的、放熱的物理吸附反應(yīng)。連續(xù)進(jìn)行五次吸附/再生循環(huán)后,材料的吸附率在逐漸下降,多孔碳對(duì)MB去除的再生性能一般,但其一次性使用性能較好,近乎于100%。
[Abstract]:Since 1980s, with China's reform and opening up, industry, agriculture and other fields of science and technology of each industry have made great progress. Especially the development of the industry, it can improve the level of China's economic and environmental pollution caused by various aspects, such as the indiscriminate discharge of industrial wastewater, which contains heavy metal ions and organic dyes can indirectly through other ways to do harm to human health. Heavy metal ion Cr (VI) has very strong toxicity, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity can form, has been listed as one of eight kinds of chemical substances to human harm for the biggest risk; organic dye Luo Danming B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) complex with the structure, makes the industrial wastewater by the pollution is difficult to completely decolorize pollutants. Therefore, choose the appropriate method in industrial wastewater treatment, to ensure human Is of great significance to health. Because of the adsorption method has the advantages of simple equipment, wide application range, good treatment effect, and the use of renewable adsorbent generally does not produce the advantages of two pollution, carbon based composite material through the preparation of adsorption performance, be used for heavy metal ions in industrial wastewater (Cr VI) Luo Danming B, organic dye (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) adsorption. The main results are as follows: 1. in hydrochloric acid soaking boiler waste cinder modified coal cinder as precursor, the magnetic Fe3O4 prepared by solvothermal method (Fe_3O_4) / modified slag composite materials, using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X ray diffraction (XRD), X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-1R) and physical adsorption analyzer (BET) the characterization methods to characterize the composite material. This material is Cr (VI) The effects of adsorbent, adsorbent dosage, time, Cr (VI) affect the adsorption performance of materials of initial pH ion solution and initial concentration factors. The results showed that the adsorption reaction in the adsorption of 1.5 g dosage 60 min, adsorption time and initial pH value of 3 Cr (VI) ion the solution conditions, the adsorption effect is the best. Dynamics analysis shows that the magnetic properties of Fe_3O_4/ modified slag on Cr (VI) adsorption of ionic solution with quasi two order kinetic equation, five consecutive times adsorption / regeneration cycles, the material absorption rate of more than 90%, indicated that Fe_3O_4/ modified slag has good renewable cycle the rapid separation of.2. and magnetic ferroferric oxide itself has used for wastewater treatment process based on original montmorillonite as precursor, sixteen alkyl three methyl bromide (CTAB) as surfactant, glucose as carbon source, prepared by the solvothermal method Montmorillonite / carbon spheres composite materials, the use of SEM, XRD, XPS, FT-1R and BET were characterized by means of characterization of composite materials. The composite materials of Luo Danming B (RhB) as the adsorbent, into the adsorbent dosage, adsorption time, initial RhB value of solution pH and initial factors the initial concentration and adsorption temperature on the adsorption properties. The results showed that the adsorption temperature is 45 DEG C, the reaction of adsorbent dosage 0.3 g, adsorption time is 15 min, the initial pH value of solution for 5 RhB solution conditions, the adsorption effect is best. Dynamic simulation analysis can know, montmorillonite / carbon adsorption the ball of RhB follows a pseudo two order kinetic equation. The adsorption of montmorillonite / carbon spheres on the RhB line with the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption thermodynamics parameters indicated that adsorption of montmorillonite / carbon spheres of RhB is a spontaneous endothermic reaction, physical adsorption. The adsorption cycle stability test results Show that the adsorbent for five times of adsorption / regeneration cycles, the material for the RhB adsorption rate of around 90%. That of montmorillonite / carbon spheres with.3. adsorption cycle renewable well using glucose as carbon source, soluble inorganic salt sodium chloride as template, in the high temperature of 500 DEG C to prepare porous carbon materials, the use of SEM, XRD, XPS, FT-1R and BET were characterized by means of characterization tests on it. As the carbon source in high temperature carbonization porous carbon material prepared for methylene blue with glucose (MB) were investigated. Through the study of the material dosage, adsorption time, initial concentration of solution of MB and the initial pH value and temperature on the adsorption experiments. The results show that the adsorption reaction in the adsorption of 0.0075 g dosage, adsorption time of 2 min, pH value of 6 MB solution and adsorption temperature is 25 DEG condition, the adsorption effect of the best power. Study shows that the adsorption of porous carbon MB with quasi two level dynamic equation. The adsorption of porous carbon on MB line with the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption thermodynamics parameters indicated that adsorption of MB on porous carbon is spontaneous, exothermic physical adsorption. Five consecutive times adsorption / regeneration cycles, the adsorption rate of materials decreased gradually in porous carbon on the regeneration performance of MB removal, but the one-time use of good performance, close to 100%.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧夏大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TB33;X703

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