本文選題：助熔劑法　切入點(diǎn)：氧化亞銅微晶　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：氧化亞銅(Cu2O)是一種重要的p型半導(dǎo)體材料，禁帶寬度為2.17eV，可被波長為400-800nm的可見光激發(fā)，理論上，光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率可以達(dá)到20%。它獨(dú)特的光學(xué)和電學(xué)性質(zhì)，使其在光催化降解廢水污染物、太陽能電池和氣敏傳感器等方面有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。當(dāng)Cu2O粒子的形貌、尺寸改變時(shí)，相應(yīng)的光學(xué)、電學(xué)性質(zhì)也會(huì)改變，所以，尋找一種簡便的方法來實(shí)現(xiàn)形貌及尺寸的可控合成顯得十分重要。 基于上述的研究思路，本論文采用固相助熔劑法，以CuO、Cu和NaOH為原料，制備了不同形貌的Cu2O微晶。系統(tǒng)地考察了熱力學(xué)因素溫度和時(shí)間對(duì)Cu2O微晶形貌的影響，，并研究了Cu2O微晶在不同形貌間的進(jìn)化過程和相應(yīng)的光催化性質(zhì)。此外，利用同種方法制備了Cu2O/Cu復(fù)合材料，并對(duì)其相關(guān)性質(zhì)進(jìn)行了研究。主要研究內(nèi)容如下： (1)采用固相助熔劑法，以CuO、Cu和NaOH為原料，成功制備了Cu2O微晶。詳細(xì)的分析了反應(yīng)溫度和反應(yīng)時(shí)間的變化對(duì)Cu2O微晶形貌的影響。結(jié)果表明：當(dāng)反應(yīng)時(shí)間固定時(shí)，可以通過改變溫度來調(diào)控Cu2O微粒不同晶面的相對(duì)生長速率，從而達(dá)到形貌可控的目的。當(dāng)反應(yīng)時(shí)間為2h時(shí)，反應(yīng)溫度由250°C上升至650°C時(shí)，Cu2O微晶由八面體形貌轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榻貃110}面八面體形貌，最后到菱形十二面體形貌。當(dāng)反應(yīng)溫度固定時(shí)，反應(yīng)時(shí)間的改變同樣可以影響Cu2O微晶的形貌。反應(yīng)溫度固定為650°C，反應(yīng)時(shí)間為2h，Cu2O微晶為菱形十二面體結(jié)構(gòu)。而當(dāng)反應(yīng)時(shí)間增長至6h時(shí)，Cu2O微晶的形貌演變?yōu)榻貃111}面菱形十二面體。 (2)分別對(duì)得到的四種不同形貌的Cu2O微晶進(jìn)行了光催化降解甲基橙(MO)水溶液能力的測(cè)試。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明它們的光催化降解能力強(qiáng)弱順序?yàn)椋毫庑问骟w截{111}面菱形十二面體截{110}面八面體八面體。菱形十二面體Cu2O微晶，在可見光（鎢燈）照射下，降解5mol/L的甲基橙溶液，在8h內(nèi)降解率達(dá)到73%。這與它的{110}晶面有關(guān)。 (3)利用固相助熔劑法，成功合成Cu2O/Cu復(fù)合材料。掃描電鏡表征結(jié)果為，Cu2O/Cu復(fù)合材料中Cu2O為菱形十二面體微晶，而Cu為微球，微球與菱形十二面體接觸。光催化實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，在光催化降解相同濃度甲基橙(MO)溶液時(shí)，Cu2O/Cu復(fù)合材料的催化活性略好于菱形十二面體結(jié)構(gòu)的Cu2O微晶。針對(duì)這一結(jié)果，嘗試對(duì)Cu2O/Cu光催化機(jī)理做出了相關(guān)討論：復(fù)合材料獨(dú)特的結(jié)構(gòu)使得光生電子和光生空穴復(fù)合過程被抑制，光催化性能得到提高。
[Abstract]:Cuprous oxide (Cu2OO) is an important p-type semiconductor material with a band gap of 2.17eV, which can be excited by visible light with wavelength of 400-800nm. In theory, the optoelectronic conversion efficiency can reach 20g. It has unique optical and electrical properties. It has a wide range of applications in photocatalytic degradation of wastewater pollutants, solar cells and gas sensors. When the morphology and size of Cu2O particles change, the corresponding optical and electrical properties will also change, so, It is very important to find a simple method to realize the controllable synthesis of morphology and size. Based on the above research ideas, Cu2O microcrystals with different morphologies were prepared by solid flux method using CuOO Cu and NaOH as raw materials. The effects of temperature and time of thermodynamic factors on the morphology of Cu2O microcrystals were systematically investigated. The evolution process and photocatalytic properties of Cu2O microcrystals among different morphologies were studied. In addition, Cu2O/Cu composites were prepared by the same method and their related properties were studied. The main contents are as follows:. (1) Cu2O microcrystals were successfully prepared by solid flux method using CuOO Cu and NaOH as raw materials. The effects of reaction temperature and reaction time on the morphology of Cu2O microcrystals were analyzed in detail. The results showed that the reaction time was fixed. The relative growth rate of different crystal planes of Cu2O particles can be controlled by changing the temperature, so that the morphology can be controlled. When the reaction time is 2 h, When the reaction temperature increased from 250 擄C to 650 擄C, the morphology of Cu2O microcrystal changed from octahedron to truncated {110} -plane octahedron, finally to the rhombic dodecahedron. When the reaction temperature was fixed, The change of reaction time can also affect the morphology of Cu2O microcrystal. The reaction temperature is fixed at 650 擄C and the reaction time is 2 h. The crystal structure of Cu2O is rhombic dodecahedron. When the reaction time increases to 6 h, the morphology of Cu2O microcrystal evolves into a truncated {111} rhombic dodecahedron. (2) the photocatalytic degradation ability of four Cu2O microcrystals with different morphologies was tested. The results showed that the order of photocatalytic degradation was as follows: rhombohedral dodecahedron {111} rhombohedral rhombohedral. Shape dodecahedron octahedron octahedron. Rhombic dodecahedron Cu2O microcrystals, Under the irradiation of visible light (tungsten lamp), the degradation rate of methyl orange solution which degrades 5mol/L reaches 73% within 8 hours, which is related to its {110} crystal plane. (3) Cu2O/Cu composites were successfully synthesized by solid flux method. The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that Cu2O was a rhombic dodecahedron, while Cu was a microsphere, which was in contact with a rhombohedral dodecahedron. The catalytic activity of Cu _ 2O / Cu composite is slightly better than that of Cu2O microcrystals with diamond dodecahedron structure when the photocatalytic degradation of the same concentration of methyl Orange MO-O solution is carried out. The photocatalytic mechanism of Cu2O/Cu was discussed in this paper. The unique structure of the composites inhibited the photoelectron and photogenerated hole recombination process and improved the photocatalytic performance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TB333;O614.121

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本文編號(hào)：1698548