本文選題：山藥　切入點(diǎn)：多糖提取　出處：《南昌大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：山藥是一種常見的藥食兩用植物,而山藥多糖是其重要的活性成分。本論文以山藥為原料,經(jīng)超聲波處理后,采用水提醇沉的方法提取山藥多糖。采用單因素法研究影響山藥多糖提取率的因素,考察工藝條件對(duì)山藥細(xì)胞破碎率的影響,并將山藥細(xì)胞破碎率與山藥多糖提取率進(jìn)行了關(guān)聯(lián),探索影響山藥多糖提取率的本質(zhì)因素。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,山藥多糖提取率隨提取溫度的升高而升高;在實(shí)驗(yàn)范圍內(nèi),pH值越低,越有利于山藥多糖的提取;提取時(shí)間和料水比對(duì)山藥多糖提取率的影響均呈先升高后降低的變化趨勢(shì)。在料水比為1:20,pH值為2,85℃條件下提取90 min時(shí),山藥多糖的提取率最高達(dá)6.27%。溫度是影響細(xì)胞破碎的一個(gè)重要因素。山藥細(xì)胞對(duì)熱的穩(wěn)定性不完全一致,當(dāng)提取溫度升高至75℃時(shí),120 min即有84%的細(xì)胞破碎,而在85℃下30 min內(nèi)則有84%的細(xì)胞破碎;山藥多糖主要貯存在山藥細(xì)胞內(nèi),山藥細(xì)胞的破碎程度影響到山藥多糖的溶出量;隨著pH的升高,山藥細(xì)胞的破碎率呈下降趨勢(shì);細(xì)胞破碎率隨著溶劑水的比例增加而提高。山藥多糖提取率與細(xì)胞破碎率的關(guān)聯(lián)數(shù)據(jù)表明,它們之間存在著較好的正相關(guān)性,表明細(xì)胞破碎率將影響到山藥多糖的溶出和提取。以山藥皮屑等廢棄物與乙二醛交聯(lián)產(chǎn)物為基料,加入適當(dāng)?shù)闹鷦?制備出了一種新型的可降解液體地膜,研究了其保溫、保水性能。采用土埋法考察了液體地膜的可降解性能,并通過掃描電鏡(SEM)、紅外光譜(FTIR)、降解率對(duì)其降解性能進(jìn)行表征。結(jié)果表明,以山藥皮等廢棄物為原料制備的液體地膜,可使土壤溫度提高,使土壤含水率增加。液體地膜埋入土壤49 d后,降解率達(dá)39.4%。說明所制備的液體地膜具有良好的保溫、保水以及可降解性能。
[Abstract]:Chinese yam is a common medicinal and food plant, and yam polysaccharide is an important active component. In this paper, yam was used as raw material and treated by ultrasonic wave. Water extraction and alcohol precipitation were used to extract yam polysaccharides. Single factor method was used to study the factors affecting the extraction rate of yam polysaccharides, and the effects of technological conditions on the cell fragmentation rate of Chinese yam were investigated. The cell fragmentation rate of yam was correlated with the extraction rate of yam polysaccharides, and the essential factors affecting the extraction rate of yam polysaccharides were explored. The experimental results showed that the extraction rate of yam polysaccharides increased with the increase of extraction temperature, and the pH value was lower in the range of experiment. The effect of extraction time and water ratio on the extraction rate of yam polysaccharides increased first and then decreased. When the ratio of feed to water was 1: 20 and pH was 2 ~ (85) 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1674943