本文選題：常壓等離子體　切入點：苧麻纖維　出處：《東華大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：天然纖維復(fù)合材料是一種新型綠色環(huán)保材料，由于其密度低、隔音效果好、比強(qiáng)度高、可回收、價格低廉、人體親和性好等優(yōu)點，被廣泛應(yīng)用于汽車工業(yè)、建筑工業(yè)、日用消費品等領(lǐng)域。 天然纖維由于有著來源豐富，價格低廉，并且可再生自然降解等優(yōu)異性能，被廣泛應(yīng)用于纖維增強(qiáng)復(fù)合材料中。苧麻纖維是一種紡織工業(yè)常用的天然纖維，它非常堅韌，比強(qiáng)度大且延伸度小，并且不易受霉菌腐蝕和蟲蛀，是天然纖維增強(qiáng)復(fù)合材料的理想增強(qiáng)纖維。 熱塑性樹脂是指這種樹脂在不起化學(xué)反應(yīng)的情況下具有可重復(fù)受熱軟化、冷卻硬化的性能。這一特性使熱塑性樹脂可以循環(huán)應(yīng)用，使它越來越受到環(huán)境可持續(xù)發(fā)展材料研究工作者的青睞。聚丙烯樹脂是通用樹脂中最輕的樹脂，它無味、無毒并且質(zhì)輕，是一種機(jī)械性能和耐熱性能良好的熱塑性樹脂，并且化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性好，耐酸堿和有機(jī)溶劑，幾乎不吸水，這些性能使聚丙烯樹脂成為天然纖維復(fù)合材料中優(yōu)異的基質(zhì)成分。 由于在纖維增強(qiáng)復(fù)合材料中，復(fù)合材料的性能不僅取決于增強(qiáng)材料和基質(zhì)材料的性能，而且取決于增強(qiáng)材料和基質(zhì)材料組分間的界面相容性，并且后者對纖維增強(qiáng)復(fù)合材料的性能有很大的影響。苧麻纖維良好的吸濕性不僅導(dǎo)致了纖維與聚丙烯樹脂之間較差的界面粘結(jié)性能，而且吸濕溶脹會破壞復(fù)合材料內(nèi)的纖維與樹脂之間的粘結(jié)，從而導(dǎo)致復(fù)合材料性能的失效。 常壓等離子處理技術(shù)是一種新型有效的表面改性技術(shù)。相對于需要真空干燥條件的等離子體表面改性技術(shù)而言，常壓等離子處理技術(shù)具有可持續(xù)性操作、成本低廉、處理時間短和靈活度高等優(yōu)勢。最重要的是常壓等離子體技術(shù)還能處理含液材料，這樣極大的擴(kuò)展了等離子技術(shù)的應(yīng)用范圍。由于在紡織品的加工工序中，常常要進(jìn)行濕處理，并且許多纖維尤其是天然纖維一般都具有較好的吸濕性，同時紡織車間所需的高濕度，都使紡織品在加工流水線上具有較高的含水率。常壓等離子技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)使等離子體處理能應(yīng)用到紡織工業(yè)當(dāng)中去。 常壓等離子技術(shù)可以有效的處理苧麻纖維表面，提高苧麻纖維表明粗糙度，改善纖維表面極性。但是由于聚丙烯樹脂是一種幾乎不吸水的熱塑性樹脂，提高苧麻纖維表面的親水性可能會導(dǎo)致苧麻纖維和聚丙烯樹脂之間粘結(jié)性能的下降。因此為了提高纖維與樹脂之間的粘結(jié)性能，需要一種切實有效的表面改性方法去提高苧麻纖維表面的粗糙程度，并且降低苧麻纖維的親水性，從而改善苧麻纖維與聚丙烯樹脂之間的粘結(jié)性能，提高苧麻纖維復(fù)合材料的機(jī)械性能。本課題利用常壓等離子體表面改性技術(shù)結(jié)合醇類預(yù)處理對苧麻纖維表面進(jìn)行疏水改性。通過熱熔的方法將聚丙烯樹脂與苧麻纖維制成微復(fù)合材料樣品，采用微粒脫落的方法測得苧麻纖維與聚丙烯樹脂之間的界面剪切強(qiáng)度來表征界面粘結(jié)性能。并對纖維表面進(jìn)行各項測試，從而表征苧麻纖維表面性能的改善。 首先對苧麻纖維進(jìn)行表面預(yù)處理，本課題選取了3種不同的醇類，乙醇，異丙醇，正丁醇。然后采用常壓等離子體射流對苧麻纖維進(jìn)行表面改性。頻率為13.56MHz，放電功率是40W。氣流采用高純度的氦氣(99.99%)，氣流流速為20L/min.工作高度為2mm,處理時間在8-24s范圍內(nèi)。然后采用掃描電子顯微鏡觀察苧麻纖維表面形態(tài)，X射線光電子能譜分析苧麻纖維表面化學(xué)組分，靜態(tài)接觸角表征苧麻纖維表面化學(xué)能。然后制備微纖維復(fù)合材料樣品，通過微粒脫落的方法測得苧麻纖維與聚丙烯樹脂之間的界面剪切強(qiáng)度。 掃描電子顯微鏡（SEM）顯示在醇類預(yù)處理常壓等離子體處理之后，苧麻纖維表面粗糙度增加，這有利于苧麻纖維表面與聚丙烯樹脂之間的機(jī)械鎖結(jié)；但隨著常壓等離子體處理時間的增加，大量的缺陷開始出現(xiàn)致使苧麻纖維基體的機(jī)械性能受到損傷，導(dǎo)致了復(fù)合材料性能的下降。X射線光電子能譜分析（XPS）顯示，在經(jīng)過處理之后，苧麻纖維表面的化學(xué)組分發(fā)生了明顯的變化，疏水的C-C基團(tuán)在處理后有了明顯的增加。靜態(tài)接觸角結(jié)果顯示處理之后，苧麻纖維表面接觸角都有所增大，接近于疏水。這樣既有利于改善苧麻纖維表面與聚丙烯樹脂之間的粘結(jié)，又有利于減少水分的吸收，減少復(fù)合材料界面粘結(jié)的損傷。苧麻纖維與聚丙烯樹脂之間界面剪切強(qiáng)度的測量顯示在醇類預(yù)處理常壓等離子體處理后，界面剪切強(qiáng)度增加；但隨著常壓等離子體處理時間的延長，界面剪切強(qiáng)度會有所下降。相對與其他醇類預(yù)處理，采用異丙醇預(yù)處理結(jié)合常壓等離子體處理的苧麻纖維表面粗糙程度最大，，表面親水性官能團(tuán)最少，從而擁有最強(qiáng)的界面剪切強(qiáng)度。相對于潮濕環(huán)境，在干燥環(huán)境下，采用乙醇預(yù)處理結(jié)合常壓等離子體處理的苧麻纖維表面粗糙程度大，表面疏水性基團(tuán)多，從而具有更好的界面剪切強(qiáng)度。
[Abstract]:Natural fiber composite material is a new green environmental protection material. Because of its low density, sound insulation effect, high specific strength, recyclability, low price and good affinity, it is widely used in automotive industry, construction industry, consumer goods and other fields.
Because of its rich source, low price of natural fiber, and renewable natural degradation and other excellent properties, is widely used in fiber reinforced composite material. The ramie fiber is a kind of natural fiber textile industry commonly used, it is very tough, high strength and elongation, and not susceptible to corrosion and mildew and insects, is the natural fiber reinforced composite material ideal reinforced fiber.
Thermoplastic resin refers to the resin in the chemical reaction under the condition of having repeated heating and softening, cooling performance of hardening. These properties make the thermal cycling plastic resin can make it more and more environmentally sustainable development of material research workers of all ages. Polypropylene resin is the most common resin, resin light it is tasteless, non-toxic and light, is a kind of mechanical performance and good heat resistance of thermoplastic resin, and good chemical stability, acid and alkali and organic solvents, almost no water absorption, these properties make the polypropylene resin become excellent matrix components of natural fiber composites.
Because of the fiber reinforced composites, the properties of the composites depends not only on the performance of reinforced material and matrix material, but also depends on the reinforcement and the matrix material components of the interface compatibility between reinforced and the latter has great influence on the performance of composite material of fiber. The hygroscopicity of ramie fiber is good not only leads to interfacial bonding poor performance between fiber and polypropylene resin, and hygroscopic swelling will destroy the bond between fiber and resin in composite material, resulting in the failure of the properties of the composite materials.
Atmospheric pressure plasma processing technology is a new and effective surface modification technology. Compared with the vacuum drying conditions of plasma surface modification technology, atmospheric plasma processing technology is sustainable operation, low cost, short processing time and high flexibility advantages. The most important is the treatment of atmospheric pressure plasma technology can containing liquid material, so great the expansion of the scope of application of plasma technology in textile processing. Because of often wet processing, and especially many fiber is natural fiber generally has good moisture absorption, high humidity and textile workshop required, the water content is high in textile processing lines on the rate of atmospheric pressure plasma. The technology of plasma treatment can be applied to the textile industry.
Atmospheric pressure plasma processing technology can effectively improve the surface of ramie fiber and ramie fiber showed that the fiber surface roughness, improve the polarity. But because the polypropylene resin is an almost non absorbent thermoplastic resin, improve the hydrophilicity of ramie fiber surface may lead to reduction of bond performance between ramie fiber and polypropylene resin. In order to improve the bond properties between fiber and resin, the need for a practical and effective method of surface modification to improve the surface roughness of ramie fiber, and reduce the hydrophilicity of ramie fiber, so as to improve the adhesive properties between ramie fiber and polypropylene resin, improve the mechanical properties of ramie fiber composites. The atmospheric pressure plasma surface modification technology alcohol pretreatment hydrophobic modification of ramie fiber surface using this topic. Through the hot melt method of polypropylene resin and ramie The interfacial shear strength between ramie fiber and polypropylene resin was measured by particle shedding to characterize the interfacial bonding properties. The surface properties of ramie fiber were tested to characterize the surface properties of ramie fiber.
The ramie fiber surface pretreatment, this paper selects 3 kinds of alcohols, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol. Then the surface modification of ramie fiber by atmospheric pressure plasma jet. The frequency is 13.56MHz, the discharge power is 40W. with high purity helium gas (99.99%), air flow velocity is 20L/min. working height for 2mm, the processing time in the range of 8-24s. Scanning electron microscope and the observation of surface morphology of ramie fiber, X ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of ramie fiber surface chemical composition, the static contact angle, surface chemical characterization of ramie fiber. Then the preparation of micro fiber composite samples, through the method of measuring the interfacial shear strength of particles falling between ramie fiber and polypropylene resin.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that after alcohol pretreatment atmospheric plasma processing of ramie fiber, the surface roughness increases, which is conducive to the surface between the ramie fiber and polypropylene resin mechanical lock; but with the increasing of atmospheric pressure plasma processing time, a large number of defects appeared in mechanical properties of ramie fiber matrix resulting in damage caused by.X ray photoelectron spectrum analysis of the properties of the composite materials (XPS) showed that after the treatment, the ramie fiber surface chemical composition changed obviously, the hydrophobic C-C group has increased significantly after the treatment. The static contact angle showed that after processing, the ramie fiber surface contact angle increase. Close to the hydrophobic. This is conducive to the improvement of adhesion between the surface and the polypropylene resin of ramie fiber, and to reduce the absorption of moisture, reduce the composite material. The material interface bond damage. Measuring between ramie fiber and polypropylene resin interfacial shear strength in alcohol pretreatment after atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, increase the interfacial shear strength; but with the extension of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment time, the interfacial shear strength will decrease. Compared with other alcohol pretreatment, using isopropanol pretreatment combined with atmospheric plasma treatment the ramie fiber surface roughness, surface hydrophilic functional groups at least, the interfacial shear strength which has the strongest. Compared to the humid environment, in a dry environment, using ethanol pretreatment combined with ramie fiber surface roughness of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, surface hydrophobic groups, interfacial shear strength and is the better.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB332

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 王春霞;杜梅;邱夷平;;環(huán)境濕度對常壓等離子體處理拒水纖維效果的影響[J];紡織學(xué)報;2011年10期

本文編號：1673998