本文選題：膠體晶體模板　切入點(diǎn)：電化學(xué)沉積　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：納米技術(shù)的飛躍發(fā)展已經(jīng)從本質(zhì)上改變了科學(xué)家們合成器件的方法,以及改變了器件本身的性質(zhì)。因此,隨著納米技術(shù)的成熟穩(wěn)定,它已成為科研領(lǐng)域中十分熱門的領(lǐng)域,尤其是對于多維度、形貌各異、性能優(yōu)越的納米材料的合成。當(dāng)前,由于二維有序微納陣列結(jié)構(gòu)器件在許多領(lǐng)域均表現(xiàn)出良好的性能(如生物技術(shù)、傳感器、燃料電池、光電子學(xué)、磁學(xué)等領(lǐng)域),所以科研工作者們迫切的希望能利用納米技術(shù),制備出更多、更新穎的二維有序微納陣列。本論文中,我們將聚苯乙烯小球,在液面進(jìn)行自組裝后,合成了大面積的聚苯乙烯單層膜;利用恒電流、兩步電流沉積法在ITO電極或Au電極上,沉積出Pt基碗狀微納陣列結(jié)構(gòu)。表征了其形貌,測試了其在直接甲醇燃料電池(DMFC)中的催化能力,探索出影響甲醇燃料電池的原因。其主要內(nèi)容如下:(1)采用液面自組裝的方法,在清洗干凈的載玻片上,合成了大面積的聚苯乙烯膠體晶體膜,并利用掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)對其形貌進(jìn)行表征。(2)以高度有序的聚苯乙烯小球?yàn)槟０?首先研究了基底電極對納米器件的形貌、性能的影響。作為對比,將聚苯乙烯膠體球分別鋪設(shè)在ITO電極、鍍金玻璃電極上;采用恒電流沉積法,同一沉積參數(shù)下,在兩種基底電極上構(gòu)筑了Pt-Ni微納陣列;通過SEM、XRD分析其形貌成分以及結(jié)構(gòu);緊接著進(jìn)行了甲醇催化性能的測試,發(fā)現(xiàn)Au電極上生成的微納陣列,具有著更強(qiáng)的甲醇催化性能,其最高峰電流值約為12mA(為在ITO電極上測得其甲醇催化性能的2倍)(3)在Au電極上沉積出Pt-Co微納陣列材料。將膠體球模板轉(zhuǎn)移至Au電極上干燥后,置于四種不同濃度配比的硫酸鈷和氯鉑酸的混合溶液中;其中氯鉑酸濃度不改變,只改變硫酸鈷濃度。在四種鈷含量的混合溶液中,采用恒電流沉積法,同一沉積參數(shù)下,制備出了4種Pt-Co微納陣列;對該材料,進(jìn)行甲醇催化性能研究時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)Co含量為0.06M時(shí),其甲醇催化的峰電流值最大,約為19mA。得出當(dāng)電解液濃度的改變時(shí),電沉積后所生成的材料,其形貌與性能將會(huì)受到顯著的影響。(4)在覆蓋有二維膠體晶體球模板的Au電極上,利用兩步電流法,分別沉積出了Pt-Fe和Pt-Ni的微納陣列結(jié)構(gòu),并研究兩種電極材料對甲醇的電催化氧化性能。兩步電沉積后,利用掃描電子顯微鏡對這兩種器件形貌進(jìn)行觀察,發(fā)現(xiàn)該方法制備的陣列形貌與恒電流法制備的材料明顯不同,而是在第一層(Pt)的基礎(chǔ)上,繼續(xù)生長出了第二種(Fe/Ni)目標(biāo)物質(zhì)。通過CHI660電化學(xué)工作站對其進(jìn)行甲醇催化性能測試,分析實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)后,發(fā)現(xiàn)利用兩步電流法得到的分層納米材料,也能成為新型的催化劑。制備實(shí)驗(yàn)過程簡單、容易重復(fù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)又環(huán)保。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of nanotechnology has fundamentally changed the way scientists synthesize devices and the properties of devices themselves. Therefore, with the maturity and stability of nanotechnology, it has become a very hot field in the field of scientific research. Especially for the synthesis of nanomaterials with multiple dimensions, different morphologies and superior performance. At present, due to the excellent performance of two-dimensional ordered micro / nano array devices in many fields (such as biotechnology, sensors, fuel cells, etc.), In the fields of optoelectronics, magnetism and so on, researchers are eager to make use of nanotechnology to produce more, more novel two-dimensional ordered microarrays. In this paper, we will self-assemble polystyrene pellets on liquid surface. A large area of polystyrene monolayer film was synthesized, and the structure of Pt-base bowl microarray was deposited on ITO electrode or au electrode by the method of constant current and two-step current deposition, and its morphology was characterized. The catalytic ability of DMFCin DMFCwas tested, and the reasons influencing the DMFCwere explored. The main contents are as follows: (1) the liquid level self-assembly method was used to clean the clean slide. A large area of polystyrene colloidal crystal film was synthesized and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As a contrast, polystyrene colloidal spheres were laid on ITO electrode and gold-plated glass electrode respectively, and Pt-Ni microarrays were constructed on two kinds of substrate electrodes by constant current deposition method and the same deposition parameters. The morphology and structure of the electrode were analyzed by SEM XRD, and then the catalytic performance of methanol was tested. It was found that the micro-nano array formed on the au electrode had stronger methanol catalytic performance. Its peak current value is about 12mA3 times the catalytic activity of methanol on the ITO electrode. The Pt-Co microarray materials are deposited on the au electrode. The colloidal sphere template is transferred to the au electrode for drying. In the mixed solution of four different concentrations of cobalt sulfate and chloroplatinic acid, in which the concentration of chloroplatinic acid does not change, only the concentration of cobalt sulfate is changed. In the mixed solution of four kinds of cobalt content, the method of constant current deposition is used under the same deposition parameters, Four kinds of Pt-Co microarrays were prepared, and when the catalytic performance of methanol was studied, it was found that when Co content was 0.06 M, the peak current of methanol catalytic activity was about 19mA.The results showed that the peak current value of methanol catalyst was about 19mAwhen the concentration of electrolyte was changed. The morphology and properties of the electrodeposited materials will be significantly affected. (4) on the au electrode covered with two-dimensional colloidal crystal sphere template, the microarray structures of Pt-Fe and Pt-Ni have been deposited by two-step current method, respectively. The electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol by two kinds of electrode materials was studied. After two-step electrodeposition, the morphology of the two kinds of devices was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found that the array morphology prepared by this method was obviously different from that prepared by constant-current method. On the basis of the first layer (Pt), the second Fe / Ni target material was grown. The methanol catalytic performance was tested by CHI660 electrochemical workstation. After analyzing the experimental data, it was found that the layered nanomaterials were obtained by two-step current method. It can also be used as a new catalyst. The preparation process is simple, easy to repeat, economical and environmentally friendly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：O643.36;TB383.1

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