本文選題：聚苯胺　切入點：碳納米管　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：以聚苯胺(Polyaniline, PANi)、多壁碳納米管(Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes, MWCNTs)以及螺旋碳納米管(Helical Carbon Nanotubes, HCNTs)為研究對象,采用原位聚合制備了系列聚苯胺@碳納米管復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(PANi@CNTs),探索組分含量以及摻雜酸類型等因素對產(chǎn)物形貌和結(jié)構(gòu)的影響；研究了PANi@CNTs的電磁學(xué)性能和電磁波損耗特性,以及聚苯胺與兩類碳納米管復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的氣敏特性。主要研究內(nèi)容及結(jié)果如下：以HCl為摻雜酸,過硫酸銨作為氧化劑,通過苯胺原位聚合制備了一維PANi復(fù)合CNTs復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)；表征結(jié)果表明,PANi以納米棒形式覆蓋在CNTs表面,且二者之間存在特殊相互作用。通過改變反應(yīng)條件,可以得到不同內(nèi)外徑和壁厚的PANi@CNTs復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),其直徑隨CNTs的質(zhì)量百分比的增加而降低；PANi與CNTs之間的相互作用隨CNTs質(zhì)量百分比增加而增加。手性樟腦磺酸摻雜下的PANi@CNTs,其PANi的氧化程度更高,HCl摻雜PANi@CNTs產(chǎn)物表面形貌相對更均勻。分別測試了PANi@CNTs復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的電導(dǎo)率,其中PANi@MWCNTs的電導(dǎo)率隨MWCNTs的含量增加而增加,手性酸摻雜PANi會降低PANi@MWCNTs的電導(dǎo)率；PANi@HCNTs的電導(dǎo)率在HCNTs含量小于5 wt%時隨HCNTs含量增加而增加,高于10 wt%時隨HCNTs含量增加而降低。當(dāng)MWCNTs含量為10 wt%時,PANi@MWCNTs復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)具有最好的微波損耗性能,相應(yīng)的電磁波損耗主要集中在相對低頻的2-6 GHz區(qū)域,最強反射率衰減(-23 dB)位于4.7 GHz處。分析認為,PANi@MWCNTs復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)對微波的損耗機制主要為低頻渦流損耗；手性酸摻雜PANi使得復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的微波損耗由低頻向高頻區(qū)移動。當(dāng)HCNTs含量為20 wt%時,復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)具有最好的微波吸收性能,最強反射率衰減(-31 dB)位于17.2 GHz；PANi@HCNTs復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)對微波的損耗機制主要為界面極化引起的介電弛豫損耗,以及HCNTs手性特性引起的電磁交叉極化和多重極化引起的弛豫損耗,使材料在中頻區(qū)域表現(xiàn)出磁損耗；手性酸摻雜PANi使得復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的微波損耗由低頻向中高頻區(qū)域移動。測試了PANi@CNTs復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在NH3濃度為10-100 ppm范圍內(nèi)的氣敏傳感器性能,結(jié)果顯示PANi@CNTs復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)對NH3有較好的電導(dǎo)率響應(yīng),且隨NH3濃度的增加而增加。CNTs含量可以影響PANi@CNTs復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)對NH3的響應(yīng)靈敏度。復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中,MWCNTs含量5wt%、HCNTs質(zhì)量百分比為20wt%時,傳感器對NH3響應(yīng)的靈敏度整體最佳。手性酸摻雜PANi可顯著提升PANi@MWCNTs對NH3響應(yīng)的靈敏度,但是會降低PANi@HCNTs對NH3響應(yīng)的靈敏度感。
[Abstract]:Polyaniline, PANiN, Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubeses (MWCNTs) and Helical Carbon Nanotubeses (HCNTs) were studied. A series of Polyaniline @ carbon nanotube composite structures were prepared by in-situ polymerization to explore the effects of composition content and the type of doped acid on the morphology and structure of the products, and to study the electromagnetic properties and electromagnetic wave loss characteristics of PANi@CNTs. The main contents and results are as follows: one dimensional PANi composite CNTs structure was prepared by in situ polymerization of aniline with ammonium persulfate as oxidant and HCl as doping acid. The characterization results show that the CNTs surface is covered with nanorods, and there is a special interaction between them. By changing the reaction conditions, the PANi@CNTs composite structures with different inner and outer diameters and wall thickness can be obtained. The diameter decreases with the increase of mass percentage of CNTs, and the interaction between CNTs and Pani increases with the increase of mass percentage of CNTs. The oxidation degree of PANi is higher than that of PANi@CNTs products doped with chiral camphor sulfonic acid (camphor sulfonic acid). The conductivity of PANi@CNTs composite structure was measured. The conductivity of PANi@MWCNTs increased with the increase of MWCNTs content, and the conductivity of PANi@MWCNTs increased with the increase of HCNTs content when the content of HCNTs was less than 5 wt%. When the MWCNTs content is 10 wt%, the microwave loss of the composite structure is the best, and the corresponding electromagnetic wave loss is mainly in the 2-6 GHz region of relatively low frequency. The strongest reflectivity attenuation is at 4. 7 GHz. It is considered that the loss mechanism of PANiR MWCNTs composite structure to microwave is mainly low frequency eddy current loss. Chiral acid doped PANi makes the microwave loss of the composite structure move from low frequency to high frequency. When the content of HCNTs is 20 wt%, the composite structure has the best microwave absorption performance. The mechanism of microwave loss of the strongest reflectivity attenuated band (-31 dB) is mainly caused by interfacial polarization, electromagnetic cross-polarization caused by chiral properties of HCNTs and relaxation loss caused by multiple polarization. Chiral acid doped PANi makes the microwave loss of the composite structure move from low frequency to middle high frequency. The gas sensor performance of PANi@CNTs composite structure in the range of 10 to 100 ppm NH3 concentration is tested. The results show that the composite structure of PANi@CNTs has a good conductivity response to NH3, and the content of. CNTs can affect the sensitivity of PANi@CNTs composite structure to NH3 with the increase of NH3 concentration. When the content of PANi@CNTs in the composite structure is 5 wtts, the mass percentage of PANi@CNTs is 20 wt%. The overall sensitivity of the sensor to NH3 response is the best. Chiral acid-doped PANi can significantly enhance the sensitivity of PANi@MWCNTs to NH3 response, but reduce the sensitivity of PANi@HCNTs to NH3 response.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB332

【參考文獻】

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本文編號：1631234