本文選題：超疏水　切入點：氧化鋁　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：自然界中超疏水的例子有很多，比如水黽的肢體，蝴蝶的翅膀及荷葉等等。受此啟發(fā)，人們開始致力于研究人工超疏水表面。超疏水材料作為一種新型的功能材料，其應(yīng)用范圍非常廣泛。例如在自清潔玻璃、防水防凍材料和耐腐蝕涂層的制備，能源運輸，微流體以及汽車制造等領(lǐng)域均可以發(fā)揮其使用價值。 盡管如此，耐用性差、表面脆弱、制作工藝復(fù)雜等因素仍然限制了超疏水材料的工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)。鑒于此，本文致力于開發(fā)一種工藝簡潔、成本低廉的制備超疏水材料的方法，并著重對其實際應(yīng)用性能進行研究。我們首先在低電場下利用硫酸鹽溶液對純鋁板進行長時間處理，在基體上產(chǎn)生微米級的臺階，然后利用陽極氧化在臺階表面生成有序排列的納米孔，最后利用表面改性劑進行氟化修飾，從而制成以超疏水氧化鋁薄膜材料，其接觸角最大可以達到170.9°。 經(jīng)過后續(xù)的研究以及實驗驗證，發(fā)現(xiàn)鋁基超疏水材料具有很多優(yōu)異的性能：(1)水滴可以很輕易的帶走覆蓋在其表面的細沙和石墨粉，從而起到自清潔效果；(2)試樣表面在經(jīng)過20min的玻璃丸沖擊，長度為400cm的粗糙丙綸布摩擦之后，依然能表現(xiàn)出良好的超疏水特性，由于基體表面的氧化鋁的硬度高，耐磨性好，因此大大提高了自身的機械穩(wěn)定性；(3)在三電極體系測試中，由于超疏水表面有一層氣墊的保護，因此在實驗過程中表現(xiàn)出的自腐蝕電流非常小，只有2.36×10-8A，證明其耐蝕性能優(yōu)良；(4)我們通過在鋁基超疏水表面施加不同的壓力，發(fā)現(xiàn)液滴在上面的潤濕狀態(tài)并沒有從Cassie狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閃enzel狀態(tài)，展現(xiàn)出了一定的抗壓性能；(5)在低溫滴水以及低溫結(jié)冰的測試中發(fā)現(xiàn)，超疏水表面并無冰層覆蓋，這與普通的鋁板表面結(jié)了一層厚厚的冰形成了鮮明的對比，而且融化的雪花以及冰塊會自動的在超疏水表面凝聚成水滴而滾落，，無任何殘留。 最后我們以鋁基超疏水材料為基體通過簡單的潤滑液注入法制備出了氟化液注入型疏水表面，這種表面對很多種液體都表現(xiàn)出了極差的潤濕性（多疏性能），比如植物油、酒精等等，均不能潤濕其表面。更值得一提的是，這種疏水表面具有自修復(fù)性，在表面結(jié)構(gòu)受到一定程度破壞的情況下，依然能夠通過毛細作用達到自我修復(fù)的效果，從而重新獲得多疏性能。
[Abstract]:There are many examples of superhydrophobicity in nature, such as water strider limbs, butterfly wings and lotus leaves. Inspired by this, people began to study artificial superhydrophobic surfaces. Superhydrophobic materials are a new functional material. It has a wide range of applications, such as self-cleaning glass, the preparation of waterproof and antifreeze materials and corrosion resistant coatings, energy transportation, micro-fluid and automobile manufacturing. However, the industrial production of superhydrophobic materials is still restricted by such factors as poor durability, weak surface and complex manufacturing process. In view of this, this paper is devoted to developing a simple and low-cost method for preparing superhydrophobic materials. At first, we use sulfate solution to treat pure aluminum plate for a long time under low electric field, and produce a step of micron level on the matrix. Then anodic oxidation was used to form ordered nano-pores on the step surface. Finally, the surface modifier was used for fluorination modification to prepare superhydrophobic alumina thin film material. The contact angle of the film was up to 170.9 擄. After subsequent research and experimental verification, it has been found that aluminum based superhydrophobic materials have many excellent properties: 1) Water droplets can easily take away the fine sand and graphite powder covered on its surface. Thus, the surface of the sample can still exhibit good super hydrophobic properties after 20 min of glass shot impact and 400 cm of rough polypropylene cloth friction. Because of the high hardness and wear resistance of alumina on the surface of the substrate, Therefore, the mechanical stability is greatly improved. In the three-electrode system test, due to the protection of air cushion on the superhydrophobic surface, the self-corrosion current is very small during the experiment. Only 2.36 脳 10 ~ (-8) A, which proves its excellent corrosion resistance.) by applying different pressure on the superhydrophobic surface of aluminum, we found that the wetting state of droplets on the surface did not change from Cassie state to Wenzel state. In the tests of drip water at low temperature and freezing at low temperature, it was found that the superhydrophobic surface was not covered with ice, which was in sharp contrast to a thick layer of ice formed on the surface of ordinary aluminum sheet. And melting snowflakes and ice cubes automatically form droplets of water on superhydrophobic surfaces, leaving no residue. Finally, we have prepared the hydrophobic surface of fluorinated liquid injection by simple lubricating liquid injection with aluminum based superhydrophobic material as the substrate. This kind of surface shows extremely poor wettability for many kinds of liquids (many hydrophobic properties, such as vegetable oil, etc.). Alcohol, and so on, can't moisturize its surface. What's more, this hydrophobic surface is self-repairable, and even if the surface structure is damaged to a certain extent, it can still be self-healing through capillary action. In order to regain the multi-sparse performance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ133.1;TB306

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 李艷峰;于志家;于躍飛;霍素斌;宋善鵬;;鋁合金基體上超疏水表面的制備[J];高�；瘜W(xué)工程學(xué)報;2008年01期

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