本文選題：硅灰石　切入點(diǎn)：聚丙烯(PP)　出處：《天津科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：聚丙烯(PP)是一種綜合性能優(yōu)良、應(yīng)用廣泛的通用塑料,但由于其存在機(jī)械強(qiáng)度低、成型收縮率大、沖擊強(qiáng)度小等缺點(diǎn),限制了PP在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的拓寬應(yīng)用,為了提高其強(qiáng)度、模量,改善沖擊性能,需對(duì)PP進(jìn)行增強(qiáng)處理。本課題根據(jù)硅灰石獨(dú)特的針狀特征,選用四種不同的表面處理方法(如：1.偶聯(lián)劑處理；2.纖維素處理；3.SiO2包覆處理；4.SiO2/偶聯(lián)劑以及SiO2/NCC協(xié)同處理)對(duì)硅灰石進(jìn)行表面處理,并將處理后硅灰石填充到PP中,熔融共混擠出,制備相應(yīng)的PP/硅灰石復(fù)合材料。選用紅外光譜(FTIR)、掃描電鏡(SEM)等對(duì)處理效果進(jìn)行表征；借助電子拉力機(jī)考察復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能；運(yùn)用差示掃描量熱儀(DSC)、偏光顯微鏡(POM)等測(cè)試手段研究了材料的結(jié)晶性能；通過(guò)毛細(xì)管流變儀分析了體系的流變行為；采用熱失重分析儀(TGA)測(cè)定材料熱穩(wěn)定性；此外,還利用SEM觀察了復(fù)合材料的斷面形貌,探討了不同表面處理方法對(duì)硅灰石的處理效果,以及硅灰石不同用量對(duì)復(fù)合體系結(jié)構(gòu)和性能的影響。結(jié)果表明：(1) FTIR顯示四種偶聯(lián)劑(KH550、KH570、NDZ-201、DL-411-A)與硅灰石有化學(xué)作用,活化指數(shù)表明偶聯(lián)劑KH570和DL-411-A對(duì)硅灰石的處理效果較佳。KH570用量為2.0wt%、DL-411-A用量為1.5wt%時(shí),PP/硅灰石體系的拉伸強(qiáng)度、彎曲強(qiáng)度均達(dá)到最大值,且體系的熔體流動(dòng)性得到改善,綜合性能較好,同時(shí)提高了硅灰石在PP基體中的分散及其與PP基體的界面相容性。(2)MCC、NCC的引入使硅灰石顆粒表面羥基增多,比表面積增大；在一定程度上能夠提高復(fù)合體系的剛性和硬度,處理硅灰石與PP基體的界面結(jié)合性較強(qiáng),改善沖擊韌性；體系熔體粘度隨剪切速率增大而減小,仍為假塑性流體,其熱穩(wěn)定性提高。(3)經(jīng)SiO2包覆處理的硅灰石顆粒表面粗糙,棱角被鈍化,改善了其表面性能；且硅灰石填充復(fù)合材料的球晶尺寸減小,晶核密度提高,復(fù)合體系熔融峰左側(cè)出現(xiàn)了重結(jié)晶峰,SiO2粒子起到了異相成核的作用,同時(shí)能夠提高材料韌性和耐熱性能,延緩PP復(fù)合材料的熱分解,改善PP基體的熱穩(wěn)定性。(4)經(jīng)協(xié)同處理后硅灰石表面羥基、表面粗糙程度均較單一處理增加明顯,SiO2/KH570和SiO2/NCC(NCC用量為0.8wt%)兩組處理效果最佳；PP/硅灰石復(fù)合材料拉伸、彎曲和沖擊性能大幅度增加,處理后的硅灰石起到了很好的增強(qiáng)增韌效果,且熔體流動(dòng)性好,綜合性能最優(yōu)。同時(shí)其結(jié)晶過(guò)程中球晶細(xì)化,晶核數(shù)增加,二者界面結(jié)合強(qiáng),相容性好,并能夠顯著地延緩PP復(fù)合材料的熱分解,提高其熱穩(wěn)定性。(5)隨著硅灰石用量的增加,PP/硅灰石復(fù)合體系的剛性和韌性下降明顯,硅灰石在PP基體中的分散性變差,對(duì)體系的加工流動(dòng)性影響不大,當(dāng)硅灰石用量為20wt%時(shí),綜合性能最佳。
[Abstract]:Polypropylene (PP) is a kind of general plastics with good comprehensive properties and wide application. However, because of its low mechanical strength, large shrinkage rate and low impact strength, it limits the application of PP in various fields, in order to improve its strength. In order to improve the impact property, the PP should be reinforced. According to the unique needle-like characteristics of wollastonite, Four different surface treatment methods (e.g.: 1. Coupling agent treatment 2. Cellulose treatment 3. Sio 2 / coupling agent and SiO2/NCC synergistic treatment) were used to treat wollastonite. The treated wollastonite was filled into PP and extruded by melt blending. The corresponding PP/ wollastonite composites were prepared. The treatment effect was characterized by FTIR and SEM, and the mechanical properties of the composites were investigated by means of electronic drawing machine. The crystallization properties of the materials were studied by means of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and polarizing microscope (POM), the rheological behavior of the system was analyzed by capillary rheometer, the thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) was used to determine the thermal stability of the materials. The cross section morphology of the composite was observed by SEM, and the effect of different surface treatment methods on wollastonite was discussed. And the effect of wollastonite content on the structure and properties of the composite system. The results show that FTIR shows that four coupling agents, KH550, KH570, NDZ-201Z, DL-411-A) and wollastonite have chemical interaction with wollastonite. The activation index indicated that the treatment effect of KH570 and DL-411-A on wollastonite was better. When the dosage of DL-411-A was 1.5wt%, the tensile strength and flexural strength of PP / wollastonite system reached the maximum value, and the melt fluidity of the system was improved, and the comprehensive properties of the system was better. At the same time, the dispersion of wollastonite in PP matrix and the interfacial compatibility between wollastonite and PP matrix were improved. The introduction of MCCNCC increased the surface hydroxyl and specific surface area of wollastonite particles, and to a certain extent, the rigidity and hardness of the composite system were improved. The interfacial bonding between the treated wollastonite and PP matrix is stronger, and the impact toughness is improved. The melt viscosity decreases with the increase of shear rate and is still a pseudoplastic fluid. The thermal stability of the treated wollastonite particles is increased. 3) the surface of wollastonite particles coated by SiO2 is rough. The angle was passivated to improve the surface properties of the composite, and the spherulite size of wollastonite filled composites decreased, the density of crystal nucleus increased, and the recrystallization peak appeared on the left side of the melting peak of the composite system, and the Sio 2 particles played the role of heterogeneous nucleation. At the same time, it can improve the toughness and heat resistance of the composites, delay the thermal decomposition of PP composites, improve the thermal stability of PP matrix, and improve the hydroxyl groups on the surface of wollastonite after co-treatment. Compared with the single treatment, the surface roughness of the two groups was obviously increased, and the content of Sio _ 2 / KH _ 570 and SiO2/NCC(NCC was 0.8 wt. respectively) the two groups had the best treatment effect, such as tensile, flexural and impact properties, and the treated wollastonite had a very good reinforcing and toughening effect. At the same time, the spherulites were refined, the number of nuclei increased, the interfacial bonding was strong, the compatibility was good, and the thermal decomposition of PP composites could be significantly delayed. With the increase of wollastonite content, the rigidity and toughness of PP / wollastonite composite system decreased obviously, and the dispersity of wollastonite in PP matrix became worse, which had little effect on the processing fluidity of the system. Comprehensive performance is the best.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TQ325.14;TB33

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