本文選題：海藻酸鈣　切入點(diǎn)：滲透　出處：《貴州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：海藻酸鈉是從褐藻類植物中提取的天然多糖,是一種豐富以及對(duì)環(huán)境友好的海洋生物資源。隨著材料學(xué)和生物醫(yī)學(xué)的發(fā)展,越來(lái)越多的學(xué)者開始研究海藻酸鈉,其應(yīng)用前景十分廣闊。本文以海藻酸鈉水溶液為成膜劑,以鈣離子為交聯(lián)劑,通過溶劑揮發(fā)法,制備海藻酸鈣薄膜,通過添加殼聚糖、糊精制備共混改性復(fù)合膜。考察影響海藻酸鈣及其共混改性復(fù)合膜的滲透性影響因素,開展了以下工作:1.研究海藻酸鈣薄膜及其共混改性復(fù)合膜的制備及其表征。以海藻酸鈉、氯化鈣、殼聚糖、糊精為原料制備海藻酸鈣及其復(fù)合膜。FTIR結(jié)果顯示,在海藻酸鈣體系中加入殼聚糖后,特征吸收峰發(fā)生了位移,表明殼聚糖的游離氨基與海藻酸鈉的羧基發(fā)生了相互作用,再在此基礎(chǔ)上加入糊精后,薄膜的紅外光譜無(wú)明顯變化,說明加入的糊精并不與海藻酸鈣、殼聚糖發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)。通過SEM掃描結(jié)果分析,單純的海藻酸鈣薄膜表面有明顯的孔洞,孔洞數(shù)量為10個(gè),大小為0.5μm,加入殼聚糖后及糊精后,復(fù)合膜表面細(xì)密,無(wú)明顯孔洞,斷面圖可以看到,它不同于純海藻酸鈣薄膜斷面,其斷面層一層一層的,像一束一束的纖維堆疊在一起,并沒有交錯(cuò)鏈接,表面較為光滑。添加糊精后,薄膜表面同樣細(xì)密,從其斷面圖可以看到,不像海藻酸鈣/殼聚糖薄膜斷面層層堆疊,而是一層一層的交錯(cuò)縱橫的連接在一起,緊密結(jié)合,從橫截面還能看到界面上有細(xì)小的顆粒狀,有可能是糊精顆粒填充進(jìn)海藻酸鈣-殼聚糖體系中。2.對(duì)影響海藻酸鈣及其復(fù)合膜的水蒸氣滲透系數(shù)進(jìn)行研究。結(jié)果顯示,影響海藻酸鈣薄膜的水蒸氣擴(kuò)散系數(shù)(WVP)最大的是與海藻酸鈉交聯(lián)的鈣離子濃度,其次是交聯(lián)時(shí)間。氯化鈣交聯(lián)時(shí)間從10min~50min進(jìn)行考察,10min固化時(shí)WVP為1.2057×10-6 g/(m·h·Pa),20min時(shí),WVP降低到8.3474×10-6 g/(m·h·Pa),20min后海藻酸鈣薄膜WVP減小速度趨于平緩,對(duì)比20min時(shí),交聯(lián)50min的海藻酸鈣薄膜WVP僅僅降低了3%。交聯(lián)劑氯化鈣的濃度從10g/L~50g/L進(jìn)行考察,鈣離子濃度為50g/L時(shí)WVP能下降到8.0244×10-6 g/(m·h·Pa),對(duì)比10g/L鈣離子固化的薄膜,WVP降低了25%,而海藻酸鈉的濃度對(duì)海藻酸鈣薄膜WVP并無(wú)太大的影響,海藻酸鈉濃度從1%增加到3%,水蒸氣擴(kuò)散系數(shù)從8.0087×10-6 g/(m·h·Pa)減小到7.9071×10-6 g/(m·h·Pa),僅減小了1%。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)得出海藻酸鈣薄膜體系最優(yōu)條件下得出水蒸氣透過率為8.0244×10-6 g/(m·h·Pa)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,添加殼聚糖,使其與海藻酸鈉發(fā)生聚電解質(zhì)反應(yīng),形成海藻酸鈣-殼聚糖共混膜。殼聚糖的濃度從0~1%范圍考察,濃度為0.75%時(shí)薄膜的WVP較純海藻酸鈣薄膜降低了10%,為了進(jìn)一步增加膜的致密性,減小WVP,在海藻酸鈣-殼聚糖復(fù)合膜中添加小分子的糊精作為填充劑,制備海藻酸鈣-殼聚糖-糊精復(fù)合膜。在海藻酸鈣-殼聚糖-糊精復(fù)合膜中白糊精濃度從0~2%范圍考察,白糊精濃度為2%時(shí),WVP降低了7.4%。3.利用Valia-Chien擴(kuò)散池對(duì)海藻酸鈣及其改性復(fù)合膜對(duì)四種香味物質(zhì)的擴(kuò)散性進(jìn)行研究,并用靜態(tài)頂空-氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜連用方法定量檢測(cè),分別考察海藻酸鈣-殼聚糖、海藻酸鈣-殼聚糖-糊精共混改性復(fù)合膜的組成對(duì)上述四種香味物質(zhì)的滲透速率的影響。在海藻酸鈣-殼聚糖復(fù)合膜中,需要考察的因素有殼聚糖濃度,隨著水溶性殼聚糖的濃度增加,正丙醇、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、丁酸乙酯在復(fù)合膜中的滲透速率越來(lái)越小,正丙醇、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、丁酸乙酯在純海藻酸鈣膜中的擴(kuò)散系數(shù)為3.18953×10-11 m2/s、1.733×10-11 m2/s、2.4638×10-11 m2/s、6.9553×10-12 m2/s,添加量為0.75%時(shí),四種香味化合物正丙醇、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、丁酸乙酯在海藻酸鈣薄膜中擴(kuò)散系數(shù)為2.2426×10-11 m2/s、1.2994×10-11m2/s、1.7542×10-11 m2/s、5.6030×10-12 m2/s,擴(kuò)散系數(shù)分別降低了29.69%、25.02%、28.80%、19.44%。在海藻酸鈣-殼聚糖體系的基礎(chǔ)上,加入麥芽糊精,制備海藻酸鈣-殼聚糖-麥芽糊精復(fù)合膜,對(duì)其添加濃度從0~3%進(jìn)行考察,當(dāng)麥芽糊精添加量為2%時(shí),海藻酸鈣-殼聚糖復(fù)合膜,其四種香味物質(zhì)正丙醇、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、丁酸乙酯的擴(kuò)散系數(shù)分別降低了15%、19.38%、16.78%、14.4%。4.除了考察海藻酸鈣/殼聚糖/糊精復(fù)合膜中組分配比外,還考察了其他因素對(duì)其香味化合物擴(kuò)散系數(shù)的影響:滲透液基質(zhì)液體、糊精的種類、殼聚糖脫乙酰度、接收液中加入鈣離子;實(shí)驗(yàn)用辛癸酸甘油酯配置與滲透液濃度相同的香味物質(zhì)油溶液作為滲透液,對(duì)比同一濃度下,水作為基質(zhì)配置的滲透液和油作為基質(zhì)配置的滲透液中香味化合物的擴(kuò)散系數(shù),結(jié)果得出,正丙醇的擴(kuò)散系數(shù)沒有太大影響,而乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、丁酸乙酯的擴(kuò)散系數(shù)分別降低了70%、25%、73%。不同類型的糊精替換麥芽糊精進(jìn)行考察,選擇β-環(huán)糊精、白糊精進(jìn)行對(duì)比,結(jié)果顯示β-環(huán)糊精的添加對(duì)于香味化合物的擴(kuò)散系數(shù)的保香效果好于麥芽糊精和白糊精,乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、丁酸乙酯的擴(kuò)散系數(shù)分別降低58.14%、45.5%、21.5%。
[Abstract]:Alginate is a natural polysaccharide extracted from brown algae plants, is an abundant and environmentally friendly marine biological resources. With the development of material science and biomedicine, more and more scholars began to study the sodium alginate and its application prospect is very broad. In this paper, the aqueous solution of sodium alginate as the film-forming agent, the calcium ion crosslinking agent by solvent evaporation method, calcium alginate film was prepared by adding chitosan, cyclodextrin, preparation of blend modified composite membrane. The influencing factors on the permeability effect of composite membrane modified calcium alginate and its blends, we conducted the following work: preparation of composite membrane modified calcium alginate film and 1. of its blends characterized by sodium alginate, calcium chloride and chitosan, dextrin as raw material to prepare calcium alginate composite membrane and.FTIR results showed that the addition of chitosan in calcium alginate system, characteristic absorption peak of the displacement That shows the interaction between free amino and carboxyl groups of alginate chitosan, then adding dextrin, the infrared spectra of the films has no obvious change, which indicates that adding dextrin is not with calcium alginate, chitosan chemical reaction. By analyzing the results of SEM scanning, the surface of pure calcium alginate film with visible hole the hole, number 10, size 0.5 m, after adding chitosan and dextrin, the surface of the composite membrane is fine, no obvious hole section can be seen, it is different from the pure calcium alginate film section, the section of layers, stacked like fiber bunches together. And there is no cross link, the surface is smooth. After adding dextrin, the film surface also fine, from the cross section can be seen as calcium alginate / chitosan film profile layers of the stack, but a layer of crisscross together From the cross section, closely, but also to see a small interface on the granular, possibly into calcium alginate chitosan particles filled dextrin.2. in the system of water vapour permeability coefficient and the effect of calcium alginate composite membrane. The results showed that the effect of water vapor diffusion coefficient of calcium alginate film (WVP) is the largest the concentration of calcium ion and sodium alginate cross-linked, followed by cross-linking time. Calcium chloride crosslinking time were investigated from 10min~50min, 10min curing WVP 1.2057 * 10-6 g/ (m h Pa), 20min, WVP reduced to 8.3474 * 10-6 g/ (m h Pa), 20min WVP reduced calcium alginate film slowly, compared with 20min, calcium alginate film WVP crosslinked 50min only reduces the concentration of 3%. crosslinking agent of calcium chloride were investigated from 10g/L~50g/L, calcium ion concentration of 50g/L WVP decreased to 8.0244 x 10-6 g/ (m h Pa), compared with 10g/L calcium Film ion curing, WVP decreased by 25%, while the influence of the concentration of sodium alginate and calcium alginate film is too big for WVP no, sodium alginate concentration increased from 1% to 3%, the diffusion coefficient of water vapor from 8.0087 * 10-6 g/ (m h Pa) is reduced to 7.9071 * 10-6 g/ (M H Pa) only. Reduce the 1%. through the experiment of calcium alginate film system under optimal conditions of water vapor transmission rate of 8.0244 * 10-6 g/ (M - H - Pa). On this basis, adding chitosan, the polyelectrolyte reaction and formation of sodium alginate, calcium alginate chitosan blend membrane. The concentration of chitosan from the perspective of 0~1% the scope of concentration decreased by 10% to 0.75% compared with the pure calcium alginate film WVP film, in order to further increase the compactness of the film decreases WVP, adding small molecule dextrin in calcium alginate chitosan composite membrane as filler, preparation of calcium alginate chitosan cyclodextrin composite film in the sea. The white dextrin concentration of calcium alginate - chitosan - cyclodextrin composite membrane is investigated from the 0~2% range, the white dextrin concentration is 2%, WVP decreased by 7.4%.3. using Valia-Chien diffusion pool of calcium alginate and its modified composite membrane diffusion of four kinds of flavor substances were studied. The quantitative mass spectrometry method is used for static headspace gas chromatography chromatography detection, respectively. The effect of calcium alginate chitosan, effect of calcium alginate chitosan composite film composed of modified cyclodextrin blend of the four kinds of flavor substances. In the permeation rate of calcium alginate chitosan composite membrane, need to study the factors of chitosan concentration, with the increase of the concentration of water soluble chitosan is alcohol, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, ethyl butyrate and permeation rate in the composite film of the smaller, n-propyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, ethyl butyrate diffusion coefficient in pure calcium alginate film in 3.18953 * 10-11 m2/s, 1.7 33 * 10-11 * 10-11 m2/s, 2.4638 m2/s, 6.9553 x 10-12 m2/s, adding 0.75%, four kinds of aroma compounds of n-propanol, n-butanol, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate in calcium alginate film diffusion coefficient was 2.2426 * 10-11 m2/s, 1.2994 x 10-11m2/s, 1.7542 x 10-11 x 10-12 m2/s, 5.6030 m2/s, 29.69% the diffusion coefficient decreases, respectively 25.02%, 28.80%, 19.44%. based on calcium alginate chitosan system, adding maltodextrin, preparation of calcium alginate - chitosan - maltodextrin composite membrane, the concentration of maltodextrin from 0~3%, when the dosage is 2%, calcium alginate chitosan composite the film, the aroma substances of n-propanol, n-butanol, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate diffusion coefficients were decreased by 15%, 19.38%, 16.78%, 14.4%.4. in addition to study calcium alginate / chitosan / cyclodextrin composite film group distribution ratio, it also examines other factors on the Effect of aroma compounds: penetrant diffusion coefficient matrix liquid, dextrin type, the degree of deacetylation of chitosan and calcium receiving liquid; experimental wasdescribed configuration and penetration of aroma oil solution concentration the same as permeate, compared with the same concentration, as water penetration liquid and oil matrix as the configuration of the diffusion coefficient, the configuration of the aroma permeate matrix compounds showed that diffusion coefficient of n-propanol has little effect, while ethyl acetate, n-butanol, ethyl butyrate diffusion coefficients were decreased by 70%, 25%, 73%. Different types of dextrin replace malt dextrin were investigated. The choice of beta cyclodextrin and the white dextrin were compared, the results showed that with the addition of beta cyclodextrin to the diffusion coefficient of aroma compounds of incense is better than maltodextrin and white dextrin, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, the diffusion coefficient of Ding Suanyi ester respectively. Reduce 58.14%, 45.5%, 21.5%.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TB383.2

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