發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-09 05:56

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 導(dǎo)電復(fù)合材料 導(dǎo)電網(wǎng)絡(luò) 各向異性 滲濾閾值 壓阻特性　出處：《中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著機(jī)器人技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,機(jī)器人的應(yīng)用范圍越來越廣,對(duì)機(jī)器人的智能化和安全性要求也越來越高。在這樣的背景下,可以覆蓋機(jī)器人關(guān)鍵部位或全身的柔性傳感器引起了研究者的廣泛關(guān)注。作為一種新型的壓阻傳感材料,導(dǎo)電復(fù)合材料是以聚合物材料為基體,通過填充導(dǎo)電填料,將基體的柔性和填料的導(dǎo)電性有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來。傳統(tǒng)的金屬或半導(dǎo)體壓阻材料硬且脆,與之相比,導(dǎo)電復(fù)合材料更加柔韌,更適合應(yīng)用于柔性傳感器的設(shè)計(jì)。本論文旨在開發(fā)具有低填料體積分?jǐn)?shù)和高壓阻效應(yīng)的導(dǎo)電復(fù)合材料。重點(diǎn)關(guān)注導(dǎo)電復(fù)合材料的滲濾閾值和壓阻特性,圍繞導(dǎo)電網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)與電阻率之間的關(guān)系,展開一系列的理論與實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。我們首先研究了球形羰基鐵粉顆粒(CIP)填充的導(dǎo)電復(fù)合材料的電學(xué)特性。CIP沿著磁場(chǎng)方向取向,形成鏈狀結(jié)構(gòu),從而得到各向異性導(dǎo)電復(fù)合材料。通過統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,得到磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度對(duì)CIP鏈狀結(jié)構(gòu)長(zhǎng)度的影響。制備了不同CIP體積分?jǐn)?shù)的導(dǎo)電復(fù)合材料,并測(cè)試了它們的電阻率和電阻隨壓力的變化,得到滲濾閾值和壓阻靈敏度系數(shù)。建立了桿狀填料的2D導(dǎo)電網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型,通過Monte Carlo仿真方法分析各向異性情況下CIP鏈狀結(jié)構(gòu)的平均長(zhǎng)度、長(zhǎng)度分布以及方向等參數(shù)對(duì)導(dǎo)電網(wǎng)絡(luò)和滲濾閾值的影響。該模型預(yù)測(cè)的滲濾閾值與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果具有較好的一致性。我們又以桿狀多壁碳納米管(MWCNT)和微量CIP為填料,制備了導(dǎo)電復(fù)合材料。在磁場(chǎng)作用下微量CIP沿磁場(chǎng)方向運(yùn)動(dòng),并誘導(dǎo)局部MWCNT產(chǎn)生一定程度的取向,從而得到各向異性導(dǎo)電復(fù)合材料。建立了桿狀填料的3D導(dǎo)電網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型,通過Monte Carlo仿真方法分析MWCNT桿狀結(jié)構(gòu)的取向程度對(duì)導(dǎo)電網(wǎng)絡(luò)和滲濾閾值的影響。另外,建立了 MWCNT導(dǎo)電網(wǎng)絡(luò)的8桿結(jié)構(gòu)模型,引入MWCNT的方向角參數(shù),分析導(dǎo)電復(fù)合材料的電阻率隨取向程度的變化。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試得到導(dǎo)電復(fù)合材料的滲濾閾值和壓阻靈敏度系數(shù),并驗(yàn)證了模型預(yù)測(cè)的結(jié)果。另外,我們還研究了片狀石墨烯(GNP)填充的各向異性導(dǎo)電復(fù)合材料。在導(dǎo)電復(fù)合材料的制備過程中,微量CIP沿磁場(chǎng)方向運(yùn)動(dòng)并誘導(dǎo)局部GNP產(chǎn)生一定程度的取向。結(jié)合晶格模型和排斥體積理論,建立了圓片填料的3D導(dǎo)電網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型,分析GNP圓片的方向分布對(duì)臨界接觸距離的影響,從而得到GNP取向程度對(duì)滲濾閾值的影響。GNP的取向程度越高,臨界接觸距離就越大,則對(duì)應(yīng)滲濾閾值就越低。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試得到導(dǎo)電復(fù)合材料的滲濾閾值,驗(yàn)證了模型預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果。并測(cè)試不同應(yīng)力下試樣電阻值的變化,計(jì)算壓阻靈敏度系數(shù)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of robot technology, the application scope of robot is more and more extensive, and the requirement of intelligence and safety of robot is more and more high. Flexible sensors that can cover key parts of the robot or the whole body have attracted wide attention. As a new type of piezoresistive sensing material, conductive composites are filled with conductive fillers, which are based on polymer materials. The flexibility of the matrix is organically combined with the conductivity of the filler. Traditional metal or semiconductor piezoresistive materials are hard and brittle, and conductive composites are more flexible than those of conventional metal or semiconductor piezoresistive materials. The purpose of this paper is to develop conductive composites with low volume fraction of filler and high pressure resistance effect, focusing on the percolation threshold and piezoresistive characteristics of conductive composites. A series of theoretical and experimental studies have been carried out on the relationship between electrical network structure and resistivity. Firstly, the electrical properties of conductive composites filled with spherical carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) have been investigated. Through statistical analysis, the influence of magnetic field strength on the length of CIP chain structure was obtained. The conductive composites with different CIP volume fraction were prepared. The percolation threshold and piezoresistive sensitivity coefficient were obtained by measuring their resistivity and resistance with pressure. The 2D conductive network model of rod packing was established. The average length of CIP chain structure under anisotropic condition is analyzed by Monte Carlo simulation method. The influence of length distribution and direction on the conductivity network and percolation threshold. The predicted percolation threshold of the model is in good agreement with the experimental results. We also use rod-shaped multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and trace amounts of CIP as fillers. Conductive composites were prepared. Under the action of magnetic field, trace CIP moved along the direction of magnetic field, and local MWCNT was induced to produce a certain degree of orientation, thus anisotropic conductive composites were obtained. A 3D conductive network model of rod fillers was established. The influence of orientation degree of MWCNT rod structure on conductive network and percolation threshold is analyzed by Monte Carlo simulation method. In addition, the 8-bar structure model of MWCNT conductive network is established, and the direction angle parameter of MWCNT is introduced. The change of resistivity with orientation of conductive composites is analyzed. The percolation threshold and piezoresistive sensitivity coefficient of conductive composites are obtained by experimental tests, and the results of model prediction are verified. We also studied the anisotropic conductive composites filled with flake graphene GNPs. Trace CIP moves along the direction of magnetic field and induces a certain degree of orientation of local GNP. Based on lattice model and repellent volume theory, the 3D conductive network model of disk packing is established, and the influence of the direction distribution of GNP wafer on the critical contact distance is analyzed. The higher the orientation degree of GNP is, the greater the critical contact distance is, and the lower the percolation threshold is. The predicted results of the model are verified, and the change of the resistance value of the sample under different stresses is tested to calculate the piezoresistive sensitivity coefficient.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TB33

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