發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-06 01:16

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 減反射薄膜 多孔二氧化硅 納米空心球 表面改性 溶膠-凝膠法 模板法 乳液聚合 穩(wěn)定性　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在光學(xué)薄膜中減反射膜可以有效降低光在傳播過(guò)程中的損耗,應(yīng)用在太陽(yáng)能電池中能有效提高電池系統(tǒng)能量利用效率。減反射膜是一層折射率介于空氣和基板之間的光學(xué)薄膜,能減少或消除光學(xué)元件表面的反射光,從而增加透光量,在對(duì)光學(xué)薄膜的研究中占有重要地位。利用溶膠-凝膠法制備多孔光學(xué)減反射薄膜是當(dāng)前該領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn),但是存在溶膠前驅(qū)體溶液穩(wěn)定差和機(jī)械性能需要提高的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題。為此,本論文主要基于二氧化硅體系:結(jié)合模板法和溶膠凝膠法,利用嵌段共聚物F127和納米空心微球的協(xié)同作用制備分級(jí)多孔減反射膜,解決薄膜機(jī)械性能差的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題;結(jié)合乳液聚合和溶膠凝膠法,引入納米尺度的陽(yáng)離子乳膠顆粒,以此為模板解決溶膠穩(wěn)定性差的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題。同時(shí),采用透射電鏡(TEM)、掃描電鏡(SEM)、原子力顯微鏡(AFM)、傅里葉紅外光譜(FTIR)、紫外可見光譜(UV-VIS)和鉛筆硬度計(jì)等手段研究總結(jié)了納米二氧化硅空心球、溶膠前驅(qū)體和溶膠-凝膠薄膜的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)、光學(xué)減反射性能和機(jī)械性能的關(guān)聯(lián)調(diào)控規(guī)律。研究表明,分級(jí)的多分散納米二氧化硅多孔薄膜不僅具有良好的減反射效果(透過(guò)率 9 8 %),而且具有良好的機(jī)械性能(孔隙率為5 0 %時(shí),鉛筆硬度仍可達(dá)4H),此外,多分散納米孔構(gòu)成的分級(jí)多孔結(jié)構(gòu)還同時(shí)具有對(duì)垂直入射和非垂直入射光的良好減反射效果,因此優(yōu)于單分散均勻孔徑薄膜的減反射效果。研究還表明,利用表面改性劑(苯基三甲氧硅烷(PhTES))的官能團(tuán)(苯環(huán))產(chǎn)生的位阻作用,可有效增強(qiáng)了溶膠穩(wěn)定性(可穩(wěn)定存在半年以上);進(jìn)一步地,以不同粒徑的陽(yáng)離子聚合物納米微球?yàn)槟０?實(shí)現(xiàn)了在弱酸性條件下通過(guò)水/醇比控制正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)水解縮聚過(guò)程,無(wú)需改變酸/堿環(huán)境即可直接獲得穩(wěn)定性良好(可穩(wěn)定存在半年以上)和分散性良好聚合物/二氧化硅核殼結(jié)構(gòu)前驅(qū)體溶膠,應(yīng)用于二氧化硅和氧化鋁光學(xué)薄膜均能獲得減反射效果優(yōu)異的納米多孔減反射膜。這為制備光學(xué)減反射薄膜提供了一種簡(jiǎn)單、可靠、工藝范圍寬和產(chǎn)物綜合性能好的溶膠-凝膠新方法,為一類太陽(yáng)能電池溶膠-凝膠減反射薄膜的規(guī)�；a(chǎn)提供了新的思路和途徑。
[Abstract]:The antireflection film in optical thin film can effectively reduce the loss of light in the process of propagation. Application in solar cells can effectively improve the energy efficiency of the battery system. Antireflection film is an optical film with refractive index between air and substrate, which can reduce or eliminate the reflected light on the surface of optical elements. Therefore, increasing the amount of light transmission plays an important role in the study of optical thin films. The preparation of porous optical antireflection films by sol-gel method is a hot spot in this field. However, there are some key problems such as poor stability of sol-precursor solution and improvement of mechanical properties. Therefore, this paper is mainly based on silica system: combination template method and sol-gel method. The hierarchical porous antireflection films were prepared by the synergistic action of block copolymer F127 and nano-hollow microspheres to solve the key problem of poor mechanical properties of the films. Combined with emulsion polymerization and sol-gel method, nano-scale cationic latex particles were introduced as templates to solve the critical problem of poor sol stability. At the same time, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The microstructure of nano-silica hollow spheres, sol precursors and sol-gel films were summarized by UV-VIS and pencil hardness tester. The correlation regulation between optical antireflection and mechanical properties. The study shows that the graded polydisperse nano-silica porous film not only has good antireflection effect (transmittance 9.8). Moreover, it has good mechanical properties (when the porosity is 50%, the pencil hardness can still reach 4H, in addition. The multi-dispersed nano-porous structure also has good antireflection effect on both vertical incident and non-vertical incident light, so it is better than monodisperse uniform pore film. The study also shows that the anti-reflection effect is better than that of monodisperse homogeneous pore film. The steric resistance of the functional group (benzene ring) of the surface modifier (phenyl trimethoxysilane) can effectively enhance the stability of the sol. Furthermore, using cationic polymer nanoparticles with different diameters as templates, the hydrolysis and Polycondensation process of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was realized under the condition of weak acidity by controlling the ratio of water / alcohol to tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). The precursor sol with good polymer / silica structure can be obtained directly without changing the acid / alkali environment (stable for more than half a year) and good dispersion of polymer / silica core-shell structure. Nano porous antireflection films with excellent antireflection effect can be obtained by using both silica and alumina optical thin films, which provides a simple and reliable method for the preparation of optical antireflection films. The new sol-gel method with wide process range and good comprehensive product properties provides a new way for the large-scale production of sol-gel antireflective thin films for a class of solar cells.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TB383.2

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