本文關(guān)鍵詞： 復(fù)合氧化物 聚苯胺 半導(dǎo)體納米粒子 水滑石 氣敏 濕敏　出處：《北京化工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：傳感器是指能夠感受被測(cè)信息并將其按一定規(guī)律轉(zhuǎn)換為電信號(hào)或其它形式信息輸出的檢測(cè)裝置,已被廣泛應(yīng)用到工業(yè)自動(dòng)化、醫(yī)療診斷、農(nóng)業(yè)、航天等與人類(lèi)生活和發(fā)展密切相關(guān)的領(lǐng)域中。按照功能可將傳感器分為：光敏、氣敏、濕敏、力敏、聲敏等類(lèi)型。其中氣敏傳感器的敏感材料主要是金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體,具有易于設(shè)計(jì)、成本低、檢測(cè)快速等優(yōu)點(diǎn),但選擇性差,需要進(jìn)一步對(duì)敏感材料優(yōu)化；濕敏傳感器主要敏感材料為有機(jī)聚合物類(lèi),具有導(dǎo)電性好、結(jié)構(gòu)多樣、可用于室溫測(cè)量等優(yōu)點(diǎn),但長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定性差,同樣需對(duì)其性能進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。材料復(fù)合是經(jīng)有效改善敏感材料性能的重要方法,因此研究復(fù)合敏感材料以提高傳感器的氣敏、濕敏性能具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文分別針對(duì)氣敏及濕敏領(lǐng)域的敏感材料存在的問(wèn)題,制備了兩類(lèi)復(fù)合材料,即復(fù)合金屬氧化物ZnO/CuO/Al2O3的氯代烴氣敏材料及CdS/PANI有機(jī)無(wú)機(jī)復(fù)合濕敏材料。在氣敏體系中采用共沉淀法合成了鋅銅鋁氫氧化物前驅(qū)體,在不同溫度下焙燒形成復(fù)合金屬氧化物ZnO/CuO/Al2O3,研究其對(duì)低濃度氯代烴的氣敏性能。以氯仿為代表性氣體,復(fù)合材料的氣敏性能隨著焙燒溫度的升高而降低。同時(shí)含有鋅、銅、鋁三種氧化物且銅含量相對(duì)較高的復(fù)合氧化物氣敏材料ZnCu0.7Al0.6-5O0對(duì)氯仿的氣敏性能最佳,檢測(cè)限低、響應(yīng)迅速。在最佳工作溫度200℃下,ZnCu0.7Al0.6-500甚至可以檢測(cè)濃度低至1 ppm的氯仿。在濕敏體系中,成功將聚苯胺(PANI)引入鎘鋁水滑石CdAl-LDH層板間,制備得到水滑石結(jié)構(gòu)限域的聚苯胺CdAl-LDH/PANI,經(jīng)氣固硫化反應(yīng)獲得CdS/PANI有機(jī)無(wú)機(jī)復(fù)合材料,通過(guò)水滑石結(jié)構(gòu)的限域效應(yīng),以及進(jìn)一步的硫化修飾作用,提高了聚苯胺的濕敏性能。濕敏性能研究表明在11%到95%RH整個(gè)濕度范圍內(nèi),CdAl-LDH/PANI具有非常好的線性關(guān)系,響應(yīng)速度快、性能穩(wěn)定；經(jīng)硫化修飾后的CdS/PANI材料在整個(gè)濕度范圍內(nèi)阻抗可降低4個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí),響應(yīng)時(shí)間僅為2 s,濕敏性顯著提高。因此,水滑石的層板限域作用和硫化修飾兩步法,可以有效提高聚苯胺的濕敏性能。
[Abstract]:Sensor refers to the detection device which can feel the measured information and convert it into electrical signals or other forms of information according to certain rules. It has been widely used in industrial automation, medical diagnosis, agriculture. Aerospace and other fields closely related to human life and development. According to the functions of sensors can be divided into: Guang Min, gas sensitivity, humidity sensitivity, force sensitivity. The sensitive materials of gas sensors are mainly metal oxide semiconductors, which have the advantages of easy design, low cost and fast detection, but the selectivity is poor, so the sensitive materials need to be optimized further. The main sensitive material of humidity sensor is organic polymer, which has good electrical conductivity, diverse structure and can be used in room temperature measurement, but the long-term stability is poor. Material compounding is an important method to improve the properties of sensitive materials, so the study of composite sensitive materials is to improve the gas sensitivity of sensors. Humidity sensing properties have important practical significance. In this paper, two kinds of composite materials have been prepared, aiming at the problems of sensitive materials in the field of gas sensitivity and humidity sensitivity. That is, chlorinated hydrocarbon gas sensing material of composite metal oxide ZnO/CuO/Al2O3 and CdS/PANI organic-inorganic composite humidity sensitive material. Zinc, copper and aluminum hydroxide were synthesized by co-precipitation method in gas sensing system. Precursor. The composite metal oxide ZnO / CuO / Al _ 2O _ 3 was calcined at different temperatures to study the gas-sensitivity of ZnO / CuO / Al _ 2O _ 3 to low concentration chlorinated hydrocarbons. Chloroform was used as the representative gas. The gas-sensing properties of the composites decrease with the increase of calcination temperature, and also contain zinc and copper. The gas sensing material ZnCu0.7Al0.6-5O0 with three kinds of aluminum oxides and relatively high copper content has the best gas sensitivity to chloroform and the detection limit is low. Under the optimum operating temperature of 200 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1474832