本文關(guān)鍵詞： 納米鋁粉 直流電弧氫等離子體法 碳包覆 工藝參數(shù)　出處：《大連理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：為了提高火炸藥和固體推進(jìn)劑的能量性能,常采用添加金屬粉的方法來實(shí)現(xiàn)。納米金屬粉相比于普通金屬粉有著獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì),由于納米鋁粉具有高活性、高熱值、后燃效應(yīng)強(qiáng)等優(yōu)勢(shì),所以向火炸藥和固體推進(jìn)劑中加入的納米金屬粉主要是納米鋁粉。然而,納米鋁粉的高活性使得納米鋁粉極易被氧化而失去活性,因此需要對(duì)納米鋁粉的表面進(jìn)行改性,其中,在納米鋁粉的表面包覆碳層是行之有效的辦法。本文分別采用直流電弧氫等離子體法和化學(xué)法制備碳包覆納米鋁顆粒。利用直流電弧氫等離子體法在1.0KPa CH4和2.5KPa Ar的氣氛下制備的納米鋁顆粒,其XRD和HRTEM表明,部分納米鋁顆粒有碳包覆,部分納米鋁顆粒表面是A1203；通過TG-DTA分析,可以看出所制備的納米鋁顆粒氧化溫度降低。而分別在0.5KPa CH4和2.5KPa Ar 2.0KPa CH4和2.5KPa Ar氣氛下制備的納米鋁顆粒,其XRD分析中分別有很多Al2O3、Al4C3的衍射峰,這代表分別形成了大量的AL2O3、Al4C3等雜質(zhì)。利用化學(xué)法制備碳包覆納米鋁顆粒,用紅外碳硫分析儀、XRD、TEM、BET、Raman、TG-DTA等表征方法進(jìn)行分析。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,制備的納米粉體碳含量為0.37%；內(nèi)核鋁的表面包覆層沒有晶體結(jié)構(gòu)且不同于鈍化納米鋁粉表面的包覆層；制備的納米粉體比表面積為5.967m2·g1計(jì)算得到的粒徑為373.8nm,結(jié)合TEM照片說明納米鋁粉活性很高,極易發(fā)生團(tuán)聚形成二次粒子；在拉曼位移為1601cm-’處,出現(xiàn)碳的G峰,與之對(duì)應(yīng)的是納米晶石墨。綜上所述,利用化學(xué)法所制備的碳包覆納米鋁粉,表面包覆物是納米晶石墨和氧化鋁。通過對(duì)化學(xué)法所制備的碳包覆納米鋁顆粒與鈍化處理的納米鋁顆粒進(jìn)行TG-DTA測(cè)試,結(jié)果表明,制備的碳包覆納米鋁顆粒抗氧化性和穩(wěn)定性明顯提高。納米鋁粉的粒徑?jīng)Q定其活性,是最基本,也是最重要的性能指標(biāo)。為了能夠利用直流電弧氫等離子體法批量制備粒徑合適的納米鋁粉,探索了陰極電流、惰性氣體壓力等工藝參數(shù)對(duì)納米鋁粉產(chǎn)率和粒徑的影響并分析了影響機(jī)理。結(jié)果表明,利用直流電弧氫等離子體法制備納米鋁粉,陰極電流和惰性氣體的壓力對(duì)納米鋁粉的粒徑和產(chǎn)率影響很大；納米鋁粉的產(chǎn)率隨著陰極電流的升高而增大,而納米鋁粉的粒徑隨著陰極電流的升高先增大后減小；在氫氣和氬氣的氣氛中,隨著惰性氣體比例的升高,納米鋁粉的產(chǎn)率和粒徑都會(huì)呈現(xiàn)先增大后減小的趨勢(shì)。
[Abstract]:In order to improve the energy performance of explosives and solid propellants, metal powder is often added to achieve. Compared with ordinary metal powder, nano-metal powder has a unique advantage, because nano-aluminum powder has high activity. Because of the advantages of high calorific value and strong post-combustion effect, nano-aluminum powder is mainly added to the explosive and solid propellant. However, the high activity of nano-aluminum powder makes it easy to be oxidized and lose its activity. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the surface of nano-aluminum powder. It is an effective method to coat carbon layer on the surface of nano-aluminum powder. In this paper, carbon coated nano-aluminum particles were prepared by direct current arc hydrogen plasma method and chemical method, respectively. DC arc hydrogen plasma method was used at 1.0KP. A. Nanocrystalline aluminum particles were prepared in the atmosphere of CH4 and 2.5 KPA ar. The results of XRD and HRTEM showed that some of the aluminum nanoparticles were covered with carbon, while some of the aluminum nanoparticles had A1203 surface. By TG-DTA analysis. It can be seen that the oxidation temperature of the prepared nano-Al particles is lower than that of the prepared Al particles, and the oxidation temperature is decreased at 0.5KPa CH4 and 2.5KPa ar 2.0KPa CH4 and 2.5KPa, respectively. Nanocrystalline aluminum particles prepared in ar atmosphere. There are many diffraction peaks of Al _ 2O _ 3 and Al _ 4C _ 3 in the XRD analysis, which means that a large number of Al _ 2O _ 3-Al _ 4C _ 3 impurities were formed respectively. Carbon coated nano-aluminum particles were prepared by chemical method. The results showed that the carbon content of the prepared nano-powder was 0.37. The surface coating layer of the inner core aluminum has no crystal structure and is different from the coating layer on the surface of passivated nanometer aluminum powder. The specific surface area of the prepared nano-powder is 5.967m2 路g1. The calculated particle size is 373.8nm. the results of TEM show that the nano-Al powder has high activity and is easy to agglomerate to form secondary particles. At the Raman shift of 1601cm-', there is a G peak of carbon, corresponding to nano-crystalline graphite. In summary, carbon coated nano-aluminum powder was prepared by chemical method. The surface coating materials were nano-crystalline graphite and alumina. The results showed that the carbon coated nano-aluminum particles and passivated nano-aluminum particles were tested by TG-DTA. The oxidation resistance and stability of carbon coated nano-aluminum particles were improved obviously. The particle size of nano-aluminum powder determined its activity, which was the most basic. It is also the most important performance index. In order to be able to use DC arc hydrogen plasma method batch preparation of the appropriate size of nano-aluminum powder, the cathodic current has been explored. The effect of process parameters such as inert gas pressure on the yield and particle size of nanocrystalline aluminum powder was analyzed. The results showed that nanocrystalline aluminum powder was prepared by DC arc hydrogen plasma method. The cathodic current and the pressure of inert gas have great influence on the particle size and yield of nano-aluminum powder. The yield of nanometer aluminum powder increases with the increase of cathode current, while the particle size of nanometer aluminum powder increases first and then decreases with the increase of cathode current. In the atmosphere of hydrogen and argon, with the increase of the ratio of inert gas, the yield and particle size of nano-aluminum powder increase first and then decrease.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TB383.1;TQ133.1

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前4條

1 梁磊;王晶禹;董軍;安崇偉;;納米鋁粉對(duì)硝胺炸藥熱分解催化性能的影響[J];火炸藥學(xué)報(bào);2009年06期

2 朱艷麗;焦清介;黃浩;任慧;;鋁粉粒度對(duì)高氯酸銨熱分解動(dòng)力學(xué)的影響[J];高等學(xué)�；瘜W(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2013年03期

3 殷海權(quán),潘清,張建亮,王國柱,楊前生;鋁粉對(duì)炸藥性能的影響[J];含能材料;2004年05期

4 胥會(huì)祥;李興文;趙鳳起;龐維強(qiáng);賈申利;莫紅軍;;納米金屬粉在火炸藥中應(yīng)用進(jìn)展[J];含能材料;2011年02期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 張小塔;碳包覆金屬納米鋁粉的制備研究[D];華中科技大學(xué);2007年

，

本文編號(hào)：1458764