本文關(guān)鍵詞：廢舊鋰離子電池制備鈷鐵氧體磁致伸縮材料的研究　出處：《河南師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅猛發(fā)展,尤其是電子信息技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的高速發(fā)展,鋰離子電池逐步占領(lǐng)了市場(chǎng)。由于筆記本電腦、智能手機(jī)及其它電子產(chǎn)品更新速度較快,鋰離子電池的市場(chǎng)使用量越來(lái)越大。同時(shí),廢舊鋰離子電池的數(shù)量也在不斷迅速增加,這不僅會(huì)帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染,而且也會(huì)造成貴金屬資源的巨大浪費(fèi)。近年來(lái),廢舊鋰離子電池資源化研究成為國(guó)內(nèi)外的熱點(diǎn),其資源化產(chǎn)物主要集中在兩個(gè)方面,一方面是通過(guò)火法冶金的方法從廢電池中獲得金屬、金屬氧化物及簡(jiǎn)單的化合物;另一方面是采用濕法冶金法,從廢電池溶解液中獲得鐵氧體或者三元材料。然而,由于存在工藝復(fù)雜、二次污染嚴(yán)重、成本高、產(chǎn)品附加值低等明顯的不足之處,廢舊電池資源化的工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)未能得到充足的發(fā)展。本論文研究了以廢舊電池為原料,采用不同制備方法獲得鈷鐵氧體磁致伸縮材料,在此基礎(chǔ)上通過(guò)對(duì)制備條件的優(yōu)化、產(chǎn)物元素比例的調(diào)整及摻雜元素?fù)诫s量的探討,進(jìn)一步借助TG、TR、XRD、SEM、VSM和磁致伸縮探測(cè)儀等手段完成對(duì)產(chǎn)品的表征,通過(guò)對(duì)產(chǎn)品微觀(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)的分析和調(diào)整,達(dá)到提高產(chǎn)品性能的目的。通過(guò)研究表明:以廢舊鋰離子電池為原料,采用檸檬酸為凝膠劑,通過(guò)溶膠-凝膠法可以制備出具有磁致伸縮性的鈷鐵氧體。適宜的制備條件為:溶液pH=6.5,檸檬酸與金屬離子總量比為1:1,前軀體在800℃煅燒3 h,所得產(chǎn)品顆粒呈橢圓形、平均顆粒尺寸74 nm,最大磁致伸縮系數(shù)為-101.2 ppm;以硝酸溶解廢舊電池所獲得的溶液為原料,通過(guò)自蔓延燃燒法成功制備出不同金屬離子取代鈷鐵氧體磁致伸縮材料(Co1-xMxFe2O4)。通過(guò)對(duì)不同取代元素和不同取代量的研究發(fā)現(xiàn):Zn2+取代Co2+提高了產(chǎn)品的磁性能,在Co1-xZnxFe2O4體系中x=0.2時(shí),飽和磁化強(qiáng)度為94.23 emu/g。在Co1-xNixFe2O4和Co1-xCuxFe2O4體系中,提高了產(chǎn)品的磁致伸縮性能;采用溶膠-凝膠-水熱耦合法,在適宜的水熱條件下制備出具有刺猬狀的球形鈷鐵氧體磁致伸縮材料。產(chǎn)品的微觀(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)有利于超交換作用和磁疇壁的偏轉(zhuǎn),磁致伸縮性能較單純的溶膠-凝膠法所獲得產(chǎn)品,其性能有一定的提高,最大磁致伸縮性能參數(shù)為-158.5 ppm。本論文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)是:通過(guò)取代的方法改變金屬離子在鈷鐵氧體尖晶石結(jié)構(gòu)中的位置,改善產(chǎn)品磁致伸縮性能;通過(guò)對(duì)產(chǎn)品制備條件的優(yōu)化和微觀(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整,增強(qiáng)A-O-B超交換作用和降低磁疇壁偏轉(zhuǎn)阻力,提高產(chǎn)品磁致伸縮性能。本文為廢舊鋰離子電池資源化研究提出了新的方法和思路,避免了金屬資源的浪費(fèi),同時(shí)為廢舊鋰離子電池的資源化提供了基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)和理論研究。在一定程度上為廢舊鋰離子電池資源化的工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)奠定了基礎(chǔ),對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)和資源有效利用具有重大意義。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy, especially the rapid development of electronic information technology, lithium ion battery has gradually occupied the market. The market usage of lithium ion batteries is increasing. At the same time, the number of waste lithium ion batteries is increasing rapidly, which will not only bring serious environmental pollution. In recent years, the research on the recycling of waste lithium ion batteries has become a hot spot at home and abroad, and the recycling products are mainly concentrated in two aspects. On the one hand, metals, metal oxides and simple compounds are obtained from waste batteries by pyrometallurgical method. On the other hand, ferrite or ternary materials can be obtained by hydrometallurgical method from the solution of waste battery. However, because of the complex process, the secondary pollution is serious and the cost is high. The low added value of the products and other obvious shortcomings, the industrial production of waste batteries has not been fully developed. This paper studied the waste batteries as raw materials. Cobalt ferrite magnetostrictive materials were obtained by different preparation methods. On this basis, the preparation conditions were optimized, the proportion of product elements was adjusted and the doping amount of doped elements was discussed. The product was characterized by means of XRDX SEMVSM and magnetostrictive detector. The microstructure of the product was analyzed and adjusted. The study shows that the waste lithium ion battery is used as raw material and citric acid is used as gel agent. Cobalt ferrite with magnetic extensibility can be prepared by sol-gel method. The optimum preparation conditions are as follows: solution pH 6.5, the ratio of citric acid to metal ions 1: 1. When the precursor was calcined at 800 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1435430