【摘要】：礦井水害給煤炭安全開(kāi)采造成了極大困難，也給礦工生命安全造成了極大威脅。淺埋多煤層開(kāi)采區(qū)煤層埋藏淺、造成頂板水害的水源多，目前還沒(méi)有研究出合理的預(yù)測(cè)淺埋多煤層開(kāi)采頂板涌（突）水危險(xiǎn)性大小的方法。本文以張家峁井田為研究區(qū)，進(jìn)行淺埋多煤層開(kāi)采頂板涌（突）水危險(xiǎn)性分區(qū)預(yù)測(cè)研究。該項(xiàng)研究不但對(duì)于豐富煤層頂板涌（突）水危險(xiǎn)性分區(qū)預(yù)測(cè)方法具有重要意義，而且對(duì)于陜北侏羅紀(jì)煤田及類似煤田頂板水害預(yù)測(cè)防治具有重要現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 通過(guò)對(duì)以往資料的綜合分析，對(duì)張家峁井田的地質(zhì)與水文地質(zhì)條件進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)總結(jié)。分析了礦井的充水條件，認(rèn)為張家峁井田多煤層開(kāi)采時(shí)礦井的主要充水水源為上覆第四系松散層、風(fēng)化基巖和燒變巖含水層地下水、地表溝道洪水和上覆煤層采空區(qū)積水，主要充水通道為采動(dòng)覆巖導(dǎo)水裂隙帶，不同地區(qū)和不同充水因素的充水強(qiáng)度不同。采用小流域洪水流量計(jì)算公式，計(jì)算了不同降雨條件下井田溝道不同位置的洪水流量大小，并結(jié)合礦井排水能力大小將溝道洪水流量大小劃分為大、較大、中等和小四個(gè)級(jí)別；對(duì)井田內(nèi)松散層、風(fēng)化基巖和燒變巖等主要充水含水層的富水性按強(qiáng)、中等、弱和極弱四個(gè)級(jí)別進(jìn)行了劃分和預(yù)測(cè)，編制了主要充水含水層富水性分區(qū)預(yù)測(cè)圖；以大井法為基礎(chǔ)，對(duì)井田各上覆煤層采空區(qū)的積水量、積水速度進(jìn)行了計(jì)算，并根據(jù)積水速度的快慢將其劃分為強(qiáng)、中等、弱和極弱四個(gè)級(jí)別的富水性，，編制了井田內(nèi)各主要上覆煤層采空區(qū)富水性分區(qū)預(yù)測(cè)圖。對(duì)于井田內(nèi)冒裂安全性分區(qū)的研究，根據(jù)多種經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式計(jì)算了各主采煤層導(dǎo)水裂隙帶發(fā)育高度，并取最大值作為確定冒裂不安全區(qū)和安全區(qū)的關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)，編制了各主要可采煤層的冒裂安全性分區(qū)預(yù)測(cè)圖。研究提出了淺埋煤層頂板涌（突）水危險(xiǎn)性大小的分級(jí)預(yù)測(cè)指標(biāo)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及疊加預(yù)測(cè)方法，編制了張家峁井田各主要可采煤層開(kāi)采時(shí)涌（突）水危險(xiǎn)性大小的綜合分區(qū)預(yù)測(cè)圖。
[Abstract]:Mine water damage to coal mining safety caused great difficulties, but also to the safety of miners caused a great threat to life. In the mining area of shallow and multi-seams, there are many water sources of roof water damage, so there is no reasonable method to predict the risk of roof water inrush in shallow-buried multi-seam mining area. In this paper, the zonal prediction of water inrush of roof in shallow coal seam mining is carried out with Zhangjiamao coalfield as the study area. This study is of great significance not only to the prediction method of roof water inrush risk in rich coal seam, but also to the prediction and prevention of roof water hazard in Jurassic coal field and similar coal field in northern Shaanxi. Based on the comprehensive analysis of previous data, the geological and hydrogeological conditions of Zhangjiamao coalfield are summarized systematically. Based on the analysis of the water-filling conditions of the mine, it is considered that the main water-filling sources of the coal mine in Zhangjiamao coalfield are the overlying Quaternary loose bed, the weathered bedrock and the burning rock aquifer, the surface channel flood and the overlying coal seam goaf water, and the water in the goaf area of the overlying coal seam. The main water-filling channel is the mining-overlying rock water-conducting fissure zone, and the water-filling strength of different areas and different water-filling factors is different. Based on the calculation formula of flood discharge in small watershed, the flood discharge in different locations of mine trench under different rainfall conditions is calculated. Combined with the drainage capacity of mine, the flood discharge of trench is divided into four grades: large, larger, medium and small. The water enrichment of the main water-filled aquifers, such as loose bed, weathered bedrock and calcite, is classified and predicted according to four levels: strong, medium, weak and extremely weak, and the regional prediction charts of the main water-filled aquifers are drawn up. Based on the large well method, the water accumulation and water accumulation velocity in goaf areas of overlying coal seams in the well field are calculated and divided into four levels: strong, medium, weak and extremely weak, according to the speed and speed of the water accumulation. The prediction maps of water-rich zone in goaf of main overlying coal seam in the mine field are compiled. According to a variety of empirical formulas, the development heights of water-conducting fracture zones in main mining coal seams are calculated, and the maximum value is taken as the key index to determine the unsafe areas and safe areas of breakout. The prediction maps for the safety of breakout in each main minable coal seam are drawn up in this paper. In this paper, the classification index, standard and superposition prediction method of water inrush risk in shallow coal seam roof are put forward, and the comprehensive zoning prediction map of water inrush risk in each main recoverable coal seam in Zhangjiamao coalfield is worked out.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TD745

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