【摘要】：山區(qū)河流流速普遍較急,水面縱坡也很陡,同時(shí)由于河流地形崎嶇曲折,往往產(chǎn)生各種各樣的副流,形成嚴(yán)重礙航的不良流態(tài)。近年來,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展,河流沿岸出現(xiàn)了很多跨、臨河建筑物,通航環(huán)境及通航條件發(fā)生很大改變,可能對(duì)航道尺度、通航水流條件以及船舶航行安全產(chǎn)生較大影響,如不及時(shí)進(jìn)行相關(guān)研究并采取相應(yīng)防護(hù)措施,一旦發(fā)生問題,后果將十分嚴(yán)重,其經(jīng)濟(jì)損失和社會(huì)影響均難以估計(jì)。本文通過實(shí)船試驗(yàn)和物理模型試驗(yàn),對(duì)金沙江水富港港區(qū)河段的船舶通航限制條件進(jìn)行研究,并針對(duì)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果提出相應(yīng)的航運(yùn)安全保障措施,為解決類似河段通航條件提供一定的參考。本文開展的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和獲得的成果如下： (1)從力學(xué)角度分析船舶上灘能力,提出將船舶上灘航行助力和船舶推力作為船舶上灘的關(guān)鍵指標(biāo),在實(shí)船試驗(yàn)過程中實(shí)測(cè)出流速流向值擬合出計(jì)算結(jié)果； (2)針對(duì)水富港河段特殊情況,根據(jù)實(shí)際情況開展了7000m3/s流量級(jí)的實(shí)船試驗(yàn),觀測(cè)記錄了各載重條件下船舶航行最大舵角、最大漂角及航跡線,結(jié)合之前提出的船舶上灘能力指標(biāo),分析船舶限制通航條件； (3)針對(duì)山區(qū)河流港區(qū)河段特殊通航條件,采用物模試驗(yàn)詳細(xì)研究了港區(qū)調(diào)頭水域,通過多方案、多級(jí)流量條件下河段通航水流特性分析,重點(diǎn)是港區(qū)調(diào)頭水域的選擇方案及優(yōu)化方案的技術(shù)可行性研究； (4)針對(duì)實(shí)船試驗(yàn)和調(diào)頭水域物模研究結(jié)果,擬定進(jìn)出港船舶航行方式,并提出港區(qū)船舶調(diào)度運(yùn)行及通航安全保障措施。 本文研究成果為解決類似山區(qū)港區(qū)河段航運(yùn)安全問題提供研究思路和方法,尤其是將船舶上灘航行阻力和船舶推力作為船舶上灘能力指標(biāo),大大提高了對(duì)港區(qū)限制通航條件理論認(rèn)識(shí)水平,研究成果具有極大的使用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:The velocity of the mountain rivers is generally rapid, and the longitudinal slope of the water surface is also very steep. At the same time, due to the rugged topography of the river, a variety of secondary currents are often produced, resulting in a bad flow pattern which is seriously obstructing navigation. In recent years, with the rapid economic development, there have been a lot of straddling along the river banks, the river-facing buildings, navigation environment and navigation conditions have greatly changed, may have a greater impact on the size of the channel, navigable flow conditions and ship navigation safety. If the relevant research is not carried out in time and the corresponding protective measures are taken, once the problem occurs, the consequences will be very serious, and its economic loss and social impact will be difficult to estimate. Based on the actual ship test and physical model test, this paper studies the ship navigation restriction conditions in the reach of Jinshajiang River Shuifugang Port area, and puts forward the corresponding shipping safety safeguard measures according to the test results. It provides some reference for solving the navigable conditions of similar reach. The main research contents and achievements obtained in this paper are as follows: (1) from the angle of mechanics, the ship's ability to go up to the beach is analyzed, and the navigation assistance and thrust of the ship on the beach are put forward as the key indexes of the ship's up-shore. In the process of real ship test, the calculated results are fitted with the measured velocity and flow direction. (2) according to the special situation of Shuifugang reach, the real ship test of 7000m3/s current is carried out according to the actual situation. The maximum rudder angle, the maximum drift angle and the track line of the ship under each load condition are observed and recorded. Combined with the index of ship's ability on the beach, the restricted navigation condition of ship is analyzed. (3) in view of the special navigable conditions in the mountainous river port area, the characteristics of the navigable water flow in the river section under the condition of multi-level discharge and multi-scheme are studied in detail by means of physical model test, and the flow characteristics of the river section under multi-level discharge are analyzed in detail. The emphasis is put on the technical feasibility study of the selection scheme and optimization scheme of the turning water area in the port area; (4) according to the research results of real ship test and physical model of turning water area, the navigation mode of ship in and out of port is proposed, and the measures of ship dispatching and operation in port area and safety guarantee of navigation are put forward. The research results of this paper provide research ideas and methods for solving the shipping safety problems of river section in similar mountain area, especially taking the navigation resistance and thrust of the ship up the beach as the index of the ship's ability to go up the beach. The theoretical understanding of restricted navigation conditions in port area has been greatly improved, and the research results are of great use value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：U698

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