【摘要】：礦井火災(zāi)不僅破壞井下設(shè)備和燒毀封堵大量的煤炭資源,而且火災(zāi)時(shí)期產(chǎn)生的大量煙氣污染污染物的擴(kuò)散蔓延,會(huì)導(dǎo)致整個(gè)礦井通風(fēng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中風(fēng)流溫度快速升高,甚至在局部巷道內(nèi)產(chǎn)生火風(fēng)壓,出現(xiàn)煙流逆退現(xiàn)象,造成風(fēng)流回流和紊亂,擴(kuò)大井內(nèi)受災(zāi)面積,加大火災(zāi)損失。如果礦井的防滅火措施不足,有可能引起瓦斯爆炸事故,造成更嚴(yán)重的損失,井下高溫,有毒的環(huán)境嚴(yán)重威脅著井下工作人員的生命安全。迅速準(zhǔn)確地掌握礦井時(shí)期壓力、溫度及污染物的分布規(guī)律,及時(shí)實(shí)施正確的防避災(zāi)方法能大幅度的降低火災(zāi)所造成的傷亡和資源損失,并正確引導(dǎo)人員避災(zāi)逃生,對(duì)降低火災(zāi)所造成的大量人員傷亡、控制火勢(shì)快速發(fā)展等有非常重要的意義。 歷年來(lái)實(shí)驗(yàn)跟數(shù)值模擬是研究火災(zāi)的主要途徑,模擬研究具有耗資少,時(shí)間短,可以重復(fù)研究的優(yōu)點(diǎn),尤其是隨著現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)已經(jīng)在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。在火災(zāi)科學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域CFD(計(jì)算流體力學(xué))軟件受到很大關(guān)注。目前常用的CFD軟件有FLUENT、PHOENICS、 STAR-CD、FDS等。其中FLUENT具有豐富的物理模型、先進(jìn)的數(shù)值方法以及強(qiáng)大的前后處理功能,涉及流體、輻射換熱及燃燒等多種工程問(wèn)題,目前廣泛的應(yīng)用到各行各業(yè)中。 因?yàn)榈V井火災(zāi)造成的最大危害主要是有毒有害氣體及對(duì)巷道風(fēng)流造成的紊亂,所以本文主要模擬火災(zāi)時(shí)期巷道溫度分布、煙氣中有毒有害成分分布、對(duì)流換熱過(guò)程。本文以分析火災(zāi)燃燒特性與火災(zāi)時(shí)期風(fēng)流紊亂逆流的原因?yàn)榛A(chǔ),建立了礦井典型場(chǎng)景火災(zāi)燃燒的數(shù)學(xué)及物理模型,應(yīng)用FLUENT數(shù)值模擬技術(shù),研究礦井典型場(chǎng)景火災(zāi)煙氣流動(dòng)及溫度分布規(guī)律。首先,建立了水平單巷物理模型、水平工作面物理模型,在不影響火災(zāi)模擬的基礎(chǔ)上,復(fù)雜問(wèn)題簡(jiǎn)單化,運(yùn)用fluent的建模軟件Gambit建立所研究問(wèn)題的物理模型,采用RNG k-ε兩方程湍流模型、Pl輻射模型、能量方程、組分輸運(yùn)模型及PDF燃燒模型在fluent中解算,得到以CO2所表示的煙氣分布、巷道截面的溫度分布、及輻射換熱對(duì)巷道的影響范圍、不同風(fēng)速條件下火勢(shì)的發(fā)展范圍。利用FLUENT進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬得出了入口風(fēng)速對(duì)火源蔓延的影響,燃料流量對(duì)火源蔓延的影響,火源燃燒隨時(shí)間的變化規(guī)律及煙氣蔓延特點(diǎn),得出了要控制巷道煙氣回流可以采取增加縱向通風(fēng)速度,但是也加快了煙氣向巷道下游蔓延的速度,因此合理的縱向風(fēng)速,對(duì)巷道火災(zāi)時(shí)期滅火救災(zāi)及人員逃生,會(huì)有重要作用。
[Abstract]:The mine fire not only destroys the underground equipment and burns and blocks a large number of coal resources, but also causes the spread and spread of a large number of flue gas pollutants during the fire period, which will lead to a rapid increase in the air flow temperature in the entire mine ventilation network. Even in the local roadway fire wind pressure occurs smoke flow reverse retreat phenomenon resulting in air flow backflow and disturbance enlarge the disaster area in the well and increase the loss of fire. If the mine fire prevention measures are insufficient, it may cause gas explosion accident, cause more serious losses, underground high temperature, toxic environment seriously threaten the safety of underground workers. Quickly and accurately grasp the distribution law of pressure, temperature and pollutants in the period of mine, timely implement the correct disaster prevention methods can greatly reduce the casualties and resource losses caused by fire, and correctly guide personnel to escape from disasters. It is of great significance to reduce the casualties caused by the fire and to control the rapid development of the fire. Over the years, experiments and numerical simulation have been the main way to study fire. The simulation research has the advantages of less cost, shorter time, and can be studied repeatedly, especially with the development of modern science and technology. Computer technology has been widely used in various fields. In the field of fire science, CFD (Computational fluid Dynamics) software has been paid much attention. At present, the commonly used CFD software has FLUENT,PHOENICS, STAR-CD,FDS and so on. Among them, FLUENT has rich physical models, advanced numerical methods and powerful pre-and post-processing functions. It involves many engineering problems such as fluid, radiation heat transfer and combustion, and is widely used in various industries at present. Because the biggest harm caused by mine fire is mainly toxic and harmful gases and the disturbance of tunnel air flow, this paper mainly simulates the distribution of tunnel temperature during the fire period, the distribution of toxic and harmful components in flue gas, and the convection heat transfer process. In this paper, based on the analysis of fire combustion characteristics and the causes of air flow disturbance during fire, the mathematical and physical models of fire combustion in typical mine scenes are established, and the numerical simulation technology of FLUENT is applied. The law of smoke flow and temperature distribution in typical mine fire scene is studied. Firstly, the physical model of horizontal single lane and horizontal working face is established. On the basis of no influence on fire simulation, the complex problem is simplified, and the physical model of the studied problem is established by using the modeling software Gambit of fluent. The RNG k-蔚 two-equation turbulence model, Pl radiation model, energy equation, component transport model and PDF combustion model are used to solve in fluent. The smoke distribution and temperature distribution of tunnel cross section expressed by CO2 are obtained. And the influence range of radiation heat transfer on roadway and the development range of fire under different wind speed conditions. The influence of inlet wind speed on fire spread, fuel flow rate on fire source spread, fire combustion variation with time and smoke spreading characteristics were obtained by numerical simulation with FLUENT, and the influence of inlet air velocity on fire source spread, fuel flow rate on fire source spread and smoke spreading characteristics were obtained. It is concluded that the speed of longitudinal ventilation can be increased to control the return of flue gas in the tunnel, but it also speeds up the spread of flue gas downstream of the tunnel. Therefore, reasonable longitudinal wind speed, fire fighting and disaster relief in tunnel fire period and escape of personnel are also accelerated. It will play an important role.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TD752

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