【摘要】：伴隨著國民經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展，特種設備的使用越來越廣泛，成為維持社會正常運轉不可或缺的重要部分。它具有危險性，基礎性，廣泛性，專業(yè)性，高耗能性等特點，因此，它的安全直接關系到人民生命財產(chǎn)和經(jīng)濟運行。為此，我國對其實行嚴格的監(jiān)管制度，主要包括特種設備行政許可和監(jiān)督檢查兩個方面，以實現(xiàn)對特種設備的設計、制造、安裝、改造、維修、使用、檢驗檢測等環(huán)節(jié)全過程的安全監(jiān)察。特種設備行政許可是我國對特種設備的一種管理制度，充分體現(xiàn)了預防事故關口前移的理念，為有效的預防事故，保障人民生命財產(chǎn)安全，提供了制度上的保障。特種設備事故大多發(fā)生在使用環(huán)節(jié)，對使用環(huán)節(jié)的監(jiān)管則變得尤為重要。為此，本論文的側重點在于構建起針對使用環(huán)節(jié)，站在政府角度的基于風險的特種設備行政許可策略及方法。 本論文結合風險控制管理思想，充分了解學習了行政許可的性質、功能、原則等方面。在系統(tǒng)總結我國特種設備行政許可制度的歷史沿革，全面歸納特種設備行政許可現(xiàn)狀的基礎上，分析了我國現(xiàn)行辦法存在的問題，并對發(fā)達國家的特種設備行政許可現(xiàn)狀進行了經(jīng)驗總結分析。初步明確了特種設備行政許可、基于風險的特種設備行政許可策略及方法等概念。結合鍋爐、壓力容器、電梯、起重機械等設備的風險分級評價模型，運用ABC管理方法、霍爾系統(tǒng)工程三維結構體系，構建起分級行政許可的總體策略和方法體系，并設計了各類設備分級許可要素及管理要求專家意見表。綜合運用規(guī)范反饋法、德爾菲法、國際借鑒法、行業(yè)比對法、系統(tǒng)分析法，把法學基本理論，國家現(xiàn)行的法律規(guī)定和特種設備行政許可的實際情況結合起來，最終構建起基于風險的典型特種設備行政許可策略及方法。 對特種設備行政許可進行系統(tǒng)研究，，有助于進一步深化特種設備行政許可改革，有利于加快建設既符合形式發(fā)展要求與風險管理思想又具有特種設備行業(yè)特色的規(guī)范高效的行政許可制度，充分發(fā)揮特種設備行政許可的設備準用作用，充分保證特種設備的安全。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of national economy, the use of special equipment is becoming more and more extensive, and become an indispensable part of maintaining the normal operation of society. It has the characteristics of dangerous, basic, extensive, professional, high energy consumption and so on. Therefore, its safety is directly related to people's life, property and economic operation. For this reason, our country has implemented a strict supervision system on special equipment, which mainly includes two aspects: administrative licensing of special equipment and supervision and inspection, in order to realize the design, manufacture, installation, renovation, maintenance and use of special equipment. Inspection and inspection of the whole process of safety supervision. The administrative license of special equipment is a kind of management system for special equipment in our country, which fully embodies the idea of preventing accidents from moving forward, and provides institutional guarantee for the effective prevention of accidents and the safety of people's lives and property. The special equipment accident mostly occurs in the use link, the supervision of the use link becomes particularly important. Therefore, the focus of this paper is to construct a risk-based administrative license strategy and method for the use of special equipment from the perspective of the government. Combined with risk control management, this paper fully understands the nature, function and principle of administrative license. On the basis of systematically summarizing the history of the administrative license system of special equipment in our country and summarizing the present situation of the administrative license of special equipment in an all-round way, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the present methods of our country. And the special equipment administrative license status in developed countries is summarized and analyzed. The concepts of special equipment administrative license, risk-based special equipment administrative license strategy and method are preliminarily defined. Combined with the risk classification evaluation model of boiler, pressure vessel, elevator, crane and so on, using ABC management method and Hall system engineering three-dimensional structure system, the overall strategy and method system of grading administrative license are constructed. And designed each kind of equipment classification permission essential factor and the management request expert opinion table. Comprehensive use of normative feedback method, Delphi method, international reference method, industry comparison method, system analysis method, combining the basic theory of law, the current legal provisions of the country and the actual situation of administrative license for special equipment, Finally, a risk-based strategy and method of administrative license for special equipment is constructed. A systematic study of the administrative license for special equipment will be helpful to further deepen the reform of the administrative license for special equipment, It is conducive to speeding up the construction of a standardized and efficient administrative licensing system that conforms to the requirements of formal development and risk management and has the characteristics of the special equipment industry, so as to give full play to the role of the administrative licensing of special equipment. Fully ensure the safety of special equipment.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質大學（北京）
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：X924.4

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