【摘要】：煤塵(粉塵)給煤炭安全高效生產(chǎn)帶來威脅，為從業(yè)人員健康埋下隱患，深入研究煤塵物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)和潤濕機(jī)理，優(yōu)選高效抑塵劑配方，推導(dǎo)抑塵劑抑塵機(jī)理，進(jìn)而開發(fā)出多組分化學(xué)抑塵劑是解決煤塵危害的有效措施。 本論文采用激光粒度分析、元素分析、接觸角、表面張力、ζ電位、比表面積和孔結(jié)構(gòu)測試、掃描電鏡(SEM)、傅立葉變換紅外光譜(FTIR)等現(xiàn)代分析測試手段，研究了黃陵煤、神府煤和晉城煤煤塵的物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)，著重探討了非離子表面活性劑和陰離子表面活性劑作用下煤塵潤濕機(jī)理。以丙烯酰胺為單體，N-N亞甲基雙丙烯酰胺為交聯(lián)劑，硝酸鈰銨為引發(fā)劑，膨潤土為骨架材料，與糊化淀粉進(jìn)行原位接枝共聚，制備吸水樹脂，與表面活性劑配制成多組分化學(xué)抑塵劑，借助SEM、FTIR、熱重-差熱同步熱分析（TG-DSC）,以及粘度和防腐性測試，對產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行性能表征，推導(dǎo)出抑塵劑微觀抑塵機(jī)理。 結(jié)果表明：表面活性劑可不同程度地改善三種煤塵的潤濕能力，陰離子表面活性劑十二烷基硫酸鈉（SDS）效果最好，煤塵接觸角分別從大約75°減小到23°左右，主要因?yàn)楸砻婊钚詣┦杷降矫簤m疏水表面，在其表面形成水化膜及雙電層結(jié)構(gòu)，改善了煤塵潤濕性，，表面活性劑濃度增加，形成多層吸附，靜電作用和空間位阻作用是煤塵潤濕分散根本原因。制備吸水樹脂最佳配方為膨潤土10wt%，引發(fā)劑1wt%，交聯(lián)劑0.03wt%；工藝條件為微波功率480W，微波加熱9min，對應(yīng)吸水樹脂的吸水倍率為320.32。抑塵劑成膜時間為0.5-1.5h，抑塵時效30天，60℃保溫9h，失水40%，抑塵劑涂覆碳鋼后腐蝕電流基本不變，有輕微腐蝕性，抑塵劑有較好成膜性、抗蒸性和抑塵作用。煤塵潤濕分散和粘結(jié)成膜是抑塵劑抑塵兩種重要微觀作用過程。研究結(jié)果具有明顯的社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境效益，對豐富煤塵抑塵理論，也有一定參考意義。
[Abstract]:Coal dust (dust) poses a threat to the safe and efficient production of coal, and buries hidden dangers for the health of workers. The physicochemical properties and wetting mechanism of coal dust are deeply studied, the formula of high efficiency dust suppressant is selected, and the mechanism of dust suppression agent is deduced. The development of multi-component chemical dust suppressant is an effective measure to solve the hazard of coal dust. In this paper, laser particle size analysis, elemental analysis, contact angle, surface tension, 味 potential, specific surface area, pore structure, scanning electron microscope (SEM) (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and other modern analytical methods were used. The physical and chemical properties of Huangling coal, Shenfu coal and Jincheng coal dust were studied, and the wetting mechanism of coal dust under the action of Nonionic surfactant and anionic surfactant was discussed. Water absorbent resin was prepared by in situ graft copolymerization of acrylamide with gelatinized starch, N-N methylene bisacrylamide as crosslinking agent, ammonium cerium nitrate as initiator and bentonite as skeleton material. A multicomponent chemical dust suppressant was prepared with surfactant. By means of SEM,FTIR, thermogravimetry and differential thermal simultaneous thermal analysis (TG-DSC), viscosity and anticorrosion test, the performance of the product was characterized, and the mechanism of microcosmic dust suppression was deduced. The results show that the wetting ability of the three kinds of coal dust can be improved by surfactant in varying degrees. The anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) has the best effect, and the contact angle of coal dust decreases from about 75 擄to about 23 擄, respectively. Mainly because surfactant hydrophobic base adsorbs to coal dust hydrophobic surface, forms hydration film and double electric layer structure on its surface, improves the coal dust wettability, the surfactant concentration increases, forms the multilayer adsorption, Electrostatic action and steric resistance are the fundamental causes of coal dust wetting and dispersion. The optimum formulation of water absorbent resin is bentonite for 10 wt, initiator for 1 wt, crosslinking agent for 0.03 wt.The technological conditions are microwave power 480 W, microwave heating 9 min, water absorption ratio of water absorbent resin 320.32. The film forming time of dust suppressant is 0.5-1.5 h, the time of dust suppression aging is 30 days, the temperature is 60 鈩

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