【摘要】：煤炭作為我國的主體能源，煤與瓦斯突出事故一直是限制其安全高效開采的因素之一。近年來突出防治技術(shù)的發(fā)展和煤礦安全需求的增強都對煤與瓦斯突出機理研究提出了更高的要求，以綜合假說為基礎(chǔ)的定性化認(rèn)識受限于對針對性、科學(xué)化的防突技術(shù)指導(dǎo)，對突出機理定量化研究有待加強。 本文運用巖石力學(xué)、滲流力學(xué)、吸附理論等理論方法，基于雙重孔隙介質(zhì)模型建立了煤與瓦斯突出發(fā)動之前煤巖—瓦斯演化控制方程，以有效應(yīng)力、吸附變形及滲透性演化等耦合項來表明瓦斯場—煤巖應(yīng)力應(yīng)變場之間相互作用，，并通過突出能量條件來表征突出傾向性，分析了瓦斯、地應(yīng)力、煤體力學(xué)性質(zhì)對突出能量的影響及突出能量分布和演化對突出蘊育、失穩(wěn)的控制作用。研究獲得的結(jié)論主要在以下幾個方面。 （1）煤中微孔是控制煤體吸附性能的主要因素。在煤孔隙孔徑較小時（氣體分子直徑量級）孔壁吸附勢會發(fā)生重疊，對瓦斯吸附力增強，在很小壓力下即可達(dá)到吸附飽和，即減小了Langmuir壓力。因此，不僅是煤最大吸附能力，Langmuir壓力同樣受微孔發(fā)育影響，特別是孔徑較小的微孔。由于變質(zhì)程度增加煤中微孔發(fā)育，Langmuir壓力隨煤階提高呈下降趨勢。 （2）根據(jù)屈服煤體峰后滲透性隨軟化模量增長規(guī)律，結(jié)合雙重孔隙介質(zhì)滲透性模型建立了采掘過程中擾動煤體的滲透性演化方程。對采掘后前方煤體滲透性進(jìn)行的研究表明，采掘擾動后煤體滲透性具有分區(qū)分布特性，從煤層深部原始地帶至煤壁滲透性依次經(jīng)過降低區(qū)、升高區(qū)和驟增區(qū)，其分區(qū)分布特征是與煤體應(yīng)力分帶分布形成機制密切相關(guān)的。由于滲透性分區(qū)性，煤層瓦斯分布也具有分區(qū)特點，煤壁附近高滲低壓煤體構(gòu)成了防止煤體瓦斯突出的安全帶。之后分析了不同賦存形式瓦斯對煤體變形破壞的影響，除游離瓦斯對煤體受力有孔隙壓力的影響外，煤中吸附態(tài)瓦斯的變化也會改變煤體受力狀態(tài)，影響到煤體的屈服破壞，排放瓦斯后煤體強度的增加能降低突出發(fā)生的危險性。 （3）大型突出案例表明突出地點往往具有瓦斯局部異常，富存了大量瓦斯。而富集區(qū)周邊存在環(huán)狀低滲帶是瓦斯得以長期保存的一個條件。在化簡為一維流動模型后，進(jìn)一步分析表明低滲帶滲透性大小及寬度是影響高壓瓦斯保存的主要因素。低滲帶內(nèi)存在的高瓦斯壓力及壓力梯度使得進(jìn)入低滲帶后突出可能性大大增強，所保存的高壓瓦斯能夠為突出災(zāi)害提供巨大的能量，形成了大型突出的條件。 （4）煤體強度破壞及煤—瓦斯系統(tǒng)積聚能量超過其儲存能力是系統(tǒng)失穩(wěn)發(fā)動突出的條件，因此可以通過突出潛能積聚程度來分析煤體突出危險性�；诖�，提出了以突出發(fā)動潛能與突出發(fā)動過程耗能之比作為失穩(wěn)判據(jù)判斷突出傾向性。并通過分析煤體突出發(fā)動潛能的積聚形式及發(fā)動過程耗散途徑，建立了相應(yīng)的計算公式。 （5）瓦斯、地應(yīng)力及煤體力學(xué)性質(zhì)等突出因素是突出能量的主要影響因素。瓦斯條件是突出發(fā)動能量積聚的主要影響因素，煤層所受構(gòu)造應(yīng)力同樣對突出能量積聚有重要影響，增加了煤體突出傾向。煤體力學(xué)性質(zhì)對突出影響主要表現(xiàn)為煤體強度及破碎功的影響。 （6）通過突出模擬實驗驗證了瓦斯及應(yīng)力荷載是煤體突出潛能的主要來源，對突出能否發(fā)動及突出規(guī)模具有決定作用。另外，可通過不同突出潛能實驗條件，根據(jù)其突出發(fā)動情況，獲得煤體失穩(wěn)突出所需的能量，從而對煤—瓦斯系統(tǒng)能量保持能力進(jìn)行研究。 （7）井下開采過程中由于煤層條件非均性，采掘面前方破壞區(qū)煤體突出潛能及能量儲存能力的分布也是隨煤層條件而變化的。在遭遇低透氣性、高瓦斯、高應(yīng)力、構(gòu)造煤等條件時，破壞區(qū)煤體積聚能量超出其能量儲存能力，系統(tǒng)能量處于不平衡狀態(tài)，釋放能量從而造成突出，因此突出能量分布及其演化對突出的發(fā)生具有控制作用。
[Abstract]:As the main source of energy in China, coal and gas outburst have been one of the factors restricting the safe and efficient exploitation of coal. In recent years, the development of the prevention and control technology and the enhancement of the coal mine safety demand have put forward higher requirements on the research of coal and gas outburst mechanism, and the qualitative understanding based on the comprehensive hypothesis is limited to the guidance of the targeted and scientific anti-process technology. The quantitative research on the protruding mechanism is to be strengthened. In this paper, based on the theory of rock mechanics, seepage mechanics and adsorption theory, the gas evolution control equation of the coal and gas outburst before the coal and gas outburst is established based on the double porosity medium model, so as to have the effect The coupling terms, such as force, adsorption deformation and permeability evolution, are used to indicate the interaction between the stress and strain fields of the coal rock in the gas field, and the outburst tendency is characterized by the protruding energy conditions, and the gas and ground should be analyzed. The Effects of the Force and the Physical and Physical Properties of the Coal on the Protruding Energy and the Control of the Protrusion and the Instability of the Protruding Energy Distribution and the Evolution The conclusions obtained by the study are mainly in the following Surface. (1) The micro-pores in the coal are the main to control the adsorption performance of the coal body. in that event that the pore diameter of the coal pore is small (on the order of the diameter of the gas molecule), the adsorption potential of the pore wall is overlapped, the adsorption force of the gas is enhanced, and the adsorption saturation can be reach under a very small pressure, i. e., the Langmui is reduced, r pressure. Therefore, not only is the maximum adsorption capacity of the coal, the Langmuir pressure is also affected by the development of the micro-pores, especially the pore diameter is small. The pressure of the Langmuir increases with the increase of the order of the coal, due to the increase of the degree of deterioration of the microwell in the coal. (2) According to the increase of the permeability with the softening modulus of the yielding coal body, the penetration of the disturbed coal in the mining process is established in combination with the permeability model of the double pore medium. The study of the permeability of the coal body in front of the mining shows that the permeability of the coal body after the mining disturbance has the characteristics of the partition distribution, and the permeability of the coal body from the deep original zone to the coal wall permeability of the coal seam successively passes through the reduction zone, the elevation and the permeability of the coal body, The partition distribution of the zone and the surge zone is the mechanism of the distribution of the distribution of the coal body's stress. It is closely related that the gas distribution of the coal seam has the characteristics of partition due to the permeability zoning, and the high-permeability and low-pressure coal body in the vicinity of the coal wall forms the gas outburst prevention of the coal body. The influence of the different occurrence forms of gas on the deformation and failure of the coal body is analyzed. In addition to the influence of the free gas on the pore pressure of the coal body, the change of the adsorbed gas in the coal can change the stress state of the coal body and affect the coal body. the increase of the strength of the coal body after the discharge of the gas can be reduced and the yield of the coal body can be reduced, the danger of being born. (3) The large-scale highlight case indicates that the prominent place often has a partial gas anomaly, A large amount of gas is stored in the rich area. The annular low-permeability zone around the rich area is a long-term gas. The results show that the permeability and the width of the low-permeability zone are the influence of the high-pressure gas after the simplification of the one-dimensional flow model. The main factor of preservation is that the high gas pressure and pressure gradient present in the low-permeability zone make the possibility of the projection to be greatly enhanced after entering the low-permeability zone, and the stored high-pressure gas can provide great energy for the outburst disasters and form The condition of large-scale projection. (4) The strength of the coal body and the accumulation energy of the coal-fired gas system exceed the storage capacity of the system, which is the condition of the system's instability, so that the accumulation of the protruding potential can be achieved. The outburst risk of the coal body is analyzed. Based on this, the ratio of the energy consumption of the protruding launching potential and the protruding starting process is used as the instability. Based on the analysis of the accumulation form of the protruding potential of the coal body and the way of dissipation of the starting process, the paper The corresponding calculation formula is established. (5) The prominent factors such as gas, in-situ stress and physical and physical properties of coal are the main factors. The main influencing factors of the outburst energy are that the gas condition is the main influencing factor of the energy accumulation of the outburst, and the structural stress of the coal seam also plays an important role in the accumulation of the protruding energy. in response, that tendency of the coal body to protrude is increase. the physical and physical properties of the coal are mainly manifested by the prominent effect. The influence of the strength of the coal body and the breaking work of the coal body is verified. (6) The main source of the protruding potential of the coal body is verified by the projection simulation experiment, and can the outburst be in addition, that energy required for the instability of the coal body can be obtain through the experimental conditions of different protruding potential, The energy conservation capability of the system is studied. (7) In the process of underground mining, due to the non-uniformity of the condition of the coal seam, the protruding potential of the coal body and the energy storage energy of the coal body in the front of the excavation The distribution of the force is also changed with the condition of the coal seam. When the conditions such as low air permeability, high gas, high stress and structural coal are encountered, the energy of the coal in the damaged area exceeds its energy storage capacity, and the energy of the system is not the equilibrium state, the release of energy,
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TD713

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