【摘要】：我國軌道車輛的照明系統(tǒng)絕大部分采用熒光燈,其價(jià)格雖然低廉,但使用壽命低、維護(hù)成本較高,已經(jīng)不能滿足軌道車輛對(duì)照明系統(tǒng)節(jié)能、環(huán)保、增加客室空間的高設(shè)計(jì)要求。LED作為高效、環(huán)保、節(jié)能的替代光源已經(jīng)逐步應(yīng)用到日常生活的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。由于軌道車輛照明系統(tǒng)在沖擊震動(dòng)、電磁兼容、溫度及供電范圍等方面都有特別要求,現(xiàn)有的LED照明系統(tǒng)不能直接在軌道車輛上應(yīng)用。研究開發(fā)高效、節(jié)能、環(huán)保的軌道車輛車廂LED照明系統(tǒng)具有重要的意義。LED照明控制系統(tǒng)是軌道車輛車廂LED照明系統(tǒng)的核心,保證整個(gè)LED照明系統(tǒng)正常穩(wěn)定工作的關(guān)鍵。LED照明控制系統(tǒng)的研究目的是在滿足軌道車輛LED照明系統(tǒng)的抗沖擊振動(dòng)、電磁兼容、散熱要求的前提下,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)車廂內(nèi)部環(huán)境亮度的智能控制。 針對(duì)軌道車輛車廂LED照明控制系統(tǒng)的抗沖擊振動(dòng)、電磁兼容、散熱要求、智能化等要求,深入分析了LED照明系統(tǒng)的工作機(jī)理。通過分析LED排列方式,優(yōu)化LED陣列來提高照度和散熱性能；通過對(duì)驅(qū)動(dòng)電源的EMC濾波電路、橋式整流電路、功率因子校正電路的設(shè)計(jì)來降低照明系統(tǒng)的電磁干擾問題；采用閉環(huán)控制原理和PWM脈寬調(diào)制方式使電源輸出電流穩(wěn)定,保證LED燈發(fā)光亮度穩(wěn)定；為了實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)車廂亮度的智能控制,采用工控機(jī)為上位機(jī),單片機(jī)為下位機(jī),CAN總線作為上位機(jī)與下位機(jī)的通信網(wǎng)絡(luò),利用多個(gè)亮度傳感器采集車廂外部環(huán)境的亮度信息,應(yīng)用PWM技術(shù)對(duì)LED燈發(fā)光亮度進(jìn)行控制。在Proteus軟件中對(duì)驅(qū)動(dòng)電源電路進(jìn)行了仿真,結(jié)果表明設(shè)計(jì)的LED驅(qū)動(dòng)電源輸出電流、電壓穩(wěn)定,達(dá)到了設(shè)計(jì)要求。 為了保證采集到亮度信息的準(zhǔn)確性,基于貝葉斯估計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)融合算法對(duì)多個(gè)傳感器采集的信息進(jìn)行融合處理,通過建立置信距離矩陣、利用橢圓曲線法對(duì)有效數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行篩選,應(yīng)用PID算法對(duì)LED燈的發(fā)光亮度進(jìn)行控制。仿真表明,采用基于貝葉斯估計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)融合算法結(jié)合PID算法的方法提高了系統(tǒng)對(duì)亮度控制的準(zhǔn)確性。搭建了控制系統(tǒng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)硬件并進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,結(jié)果表明設(shè)計(jì)的控制系統(tǒng)能夠滿足軌道車輛車廂LED照明系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)要求。
[Abstract]:Most of the lighting systems of rail vehicles in our country use fluorescent lamps, although the price is low, but the service life is low, and the maintenance cost is high, which can not meet the energy saving and environmental protection of the lighting system of rail vehicles. As a high efficiency, environmental protection and energy saving alternative light source, LED has been gradually applied to every field of daily life. Due to the special requirements of rail vehicle lighting system in shock vibration, electromagnetic compatibility, temperature and power supply range, the existing LED lighting system can not be directly applied to rail vehicles. It is of great significance to study and develop an efficient, energy-saving and environmentally friendly LED lighting system for rail cars. The LED lighting control system is the core of the LED lighting system of rail cars. The key to ensure the normal and stable operation of the whole LED lighting system. The research purpose of the LED lighting control system is to meet the requirements of shock resistance, electromagnetic compatibility and heat dissipation of the LED lighting system of rail vehicles. The intelligent control of interior environment brightness is realized. Aiming at the requirements of anti-shock vibration, electromagnetic compatibility, heat dissipation and intelligentization of LED lighting control system for railway cars, the working mechanism of LED lighting system is analyzed in depth. By analyzing the arrangement of LED, optimizing the LED array to improve the illuminance and heat dissipation performance, reducing the electromagnetic interference of lighting system by the design of the EMC filter circuit, bridge rectifier circuit and power factor correction circuit of the driving power supply. The closed-loop control principle and PWM pulse width modulation are adopted to stabilize the output current of the power supply and ensure the brightness stability of the LED lamp. In order to realize the intelligent control of the brightness of the carriage, the industrial control computer is used as the upper computer, the single chip computer as the lower computer, the CAN bus as the communication network between the upper computer and the lower computer, and the brightness information of the external environment of the carriage is collected by using several luminance sensors. The luminous brightness of LED lamp is controlled by PWM technology. The simulation of the driving power supply circuit in Proteus software shows that the output current and voltage of the LED drive power supply are stable and meet the design requirements. In order to ensure the accuracy of the luminance information collected, the data fusion algorithm based on Bayesian estimation is used to fuse the information collected by multiple sensors. By establishing the confidence distance matrix, the effective data are screened by using the elliptic curve method. The luminous brightness of LED lamp is controlled by PID algorithm. Simulation results show that the data fusion algorithm based on Bayesian estimation combined with PID algorithm improves the accuracy of brightness control. The experimental hardware of the control system is built and the experimental results show that the designed control system can meet the design requirements of the LED lighting system of rail vehicles.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長春工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TM923.34

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