【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅猛發(fā)展,火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性日益嚴(yán)重。由于可燃液體火災(zāi)燃燒速率快、滅火困難,一旦發(fā)生火災(zāi),會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失和大量的人員傷亡。特別是在隧道工程等狹長空間特殊的機(jī)械通風(fēng)環(huán)境或油罐區(qū)復(fù)雜的自然通風(fēng)條件下,可燃液體火災(zāi)的燃燒特性和蔓延規(guī)律呈現(xiàn)出特殊的規(guī)律性。因此,研究通風(fēng)條件下柴油池火災(zāi)的發(fā)生和發(fā)展規(guī)律對(duì)預(yù)防和減少火災(zāi)事故的發(fā)生及降低事故損失有著重大的意義。本文首先搭建6m×1.5m×2m的小尺寸實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ?以不同比例的0號(hào)柴油與水的混合物作為燃料,進(jìn)行不同通風(fēng)條件下單油盆和雙油盆柴油池火實(shí)驗(yàn),通過對(duì)火源附近溫度、輻射熱通量等參數(shù)的測定,采用實(shí)驗(yàn)和理論分析相結(jié)合的方法開展通風(fēng)條件下柴油池火燃燒特性和火災(zāi)蔓延規(guī)律的研究。首先,在自然通風(fēng)條件下進(jìn)行0.25mx0.2mx0.05m單油盆含有100m1水墊層的100m1柴油池火的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。研究表明,柴油池火的各個(gè)參數(shù)都在旺盛階段達(dá)到最大值。水墊層內(nèi)持續(xù)產(chǎn)生大量氣泡,火焰中不斷有火星濺出,柴油池火在整個(gè)旺盛階段一直處于沸溢的狀態(tài),并伴隨著多次的噴濺,溫度及輻射熱通量都在連續(xù)噴濺時(shí)達(dá)到了最大值。然后,在自然通風(fēng)條件下,改變?nèi)剂系挠退壤?2：1,1：1,2：5)分別進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明,可燃液體的燃燒速率隨含水比例的增加而降低,火焰燃燒的強(qiáng)度降低,整個(gè)燃燒的發(fā)展過程放緩,噴濺頻率和劇烈程度降低。進(jìn)一步改變機(jī)械通風(fēng)風(fēng)速,分析機(jī)械通風(fēng)對(duì)油池火燃燒特性的影響。結(jié)果表明,機(jī)械通風(fēng)促使火焰與空氣的熱交換量的增加,大量的排煙排熱使得火焰和熱煙氣層溫度降低,火源表面接受到的熱反饋減少,進(jìn)而抑制了燃燒過程的進(jìn)展,火焰更難發(fā)展至旺盛階段,但燃燒的旺盛階段持續(xù)的時(shí)間有所延長。最后,采用兩個(gè)尺寸分別為0.25mx0.20m×0.05m和0.16mx0.08m×0.015m的油盤,在不同的油盤間距和機(jī)械通風(fēng)條件下進(jìn)行引燃實(shí)驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明,隨著機(jī)械通風(fēng)風(fēng)速的增大,相鄰油盤被引燃的概率增加,油盤的安全防火間距增大。在火災(zāi)初起和成長階段可以增加機(jī)械排煙的功率,依靠排煙排熱作用,延緩火災(zāi)的發(fā)展：當(dāng)燃燒達(dá)到旺盛階段時(shí),應(yīng)適當(dāng)降低機(jī)械排煙的功率,控制火勢的蔓延。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, the danger of fire is becoming more and more serious. Because of the fast burning rate of combustible liquid fire, it is difficult to extinguish the fire. Once the fire occurs, it will cause serious economic loss and a large number of casualties. Especially in the special mechanical ventilation environment of tunnel engineering and other narrow space or the complicated natural ventilation conditions in the oil tank area, the combustion characteristics and spread law of the combustible liquid fire show special regularity. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the occurrence and development of diesel pool fires under ventilation conditions to prevent and reduce the occurrence of fire accidents and reduce the loss of accidents. In this paper, a small scale experimental model of 6m 脳 1.5m 脳 2m diesel oil was first built. The mixture of 0 # diesel oil and water was used as fuel, and different ventilation conditions were used to test the diesel oil pool fire in different ventilation conditions. The temperature near the fire source was measured. The measurement of radiation heat flux and other parameters were carried out by means of experimental and theoretical analysis to study the combustion characteristics and fire spread law of diesel fuel pool under ventilation conditions. Firstly, an experimental study on the 0.25mx0.2mx0.05m diesel oil pool fire with 100m1 water cushion in a 0.25mx0.2mx0.05m single oil basin was carried out under natural ventilation. The results show that all the parameters of diesel pool fire reach the maximum value in the exuberant stage. A large number of bubbles are continuously produced in the water cushion and sparks are constantly spattered out in the flame. The diesel pool fire has been in a boiling state in the whole exuberant stage, and accompanied by multiple spatters, the temperature and the radiant heat flux have reached the maximum value in the continuous spatter. Then, under the condition of natural ventilation, the experiments were carried out by changing the oil-water ratio of fuel (2: 1: 1: 1: 2: 5). The results showed that the combustion rate of combustible liquid decreased with the increase of water content, and the intensity of flame combustion decreased. The whole process of combustion slowed down and the spatter frequency and intensity decreased. The influence of mechanical ventilation on the combustion characteristics of oil pool fire is analyzed by changing the wind speed of mechanical ventilation. The results show that mechanical ventilation increases the amount of heat exchange between flame and air, and a large amount of exhaust heat decreases the temperature of flame and hot flue gas layer, and the heat feedback on the surface of the fire source decreases, which inhibits the progress of the combustion process. The flame is more difficult to develop to the exuberant stage, but the burning exuberant stage lasts longer. Finally, two oil trays of 0.25mx0.20m 脳 0.05m and 0.16mx0.08m 脳 0.015m were used to carry out ignition experiments under different oil disk spacing and mechanical ventilation conditions. The results show that with the increase of the wind speed of mechanical ventilation, the probability of ignition of adjacent oil plates increases, and the distance between the safety and fire prevention of oil trays increases. At the beginning and growing stage of fire, the power of mechanical smoke exhaust can be increased, and the development of fire can be delayed by the action of smoke exhaust. When the combustion reaches the exuberant stage, the power of mechanical smoke exhaust should be reduced appropriately, and the spread of fire intensity should be controlled.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：X932

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 牛少偉;;關(guān)于轟燃定義、機(jī)理和判據(jù)的討論與分析[J];沈陽航空航天大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2012年02期

2 顧正洪,程遠(yuǎn)平,周世寧;交通隧道火災(zāi)時(shí)車輛臨界安全距離的研究[J];中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2004年04期

，

本文編號(hào)：2404157