火災(zāi)狀況下地鐵車站乘客行為研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-21 09:59
【摘要】：地鐵是城市軌道交通的重要組成部分，已成為了全球各大城市解決城市客運(yùn)交通問題的首選。但由于其特殊的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)生事故后往往救援困難，尤其是地鐵車站人員密集結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，發(fā)生火災(zāi)后往往造成嚴(yán)重的人員傷亡和財產(chǎn)損失。如何及時疏散站內(nèi)人員成為地鐵火災(zāi)事故救援的重要工作。為了增強(qiáng)地鐵車站安全設(shè)計，提高安全疏散應(yīng)急水平，研究火災(zāi)發(fā)生時乘客的行為成為安全疏散的基礎(chǔ)。乘客緊急疏散行為，影響著疏散進(jìn)程的進(jìn)展，分析其在火災(zāi)疏散中可能出現(xiàn)的特殊行為和影響因素有助于在事故疏散時采取相應(yīng)對策，減少人員傷亡。 本文總結(jié)了國內(nèi)外對于普通情況下以及特殊情況下人員行走行為的研究成果，結(jié)合我國實際情況針對火災(zāi)發(fā)生時的地鐵車站乘客疏散進(jìn)行了如下研究： 分析了地鐵車站的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)及地鐵車站火災(zāi)的特征，研究了這些特殊情況對乘客生命安全和疏散產(chǎn)生的影響，總結(jié)了有關(guān)地鐵安全設(shè)計規(guī)范及火災(zāi)安全疏散標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 從乘客行為的產(chǎn)生機(jī)理出發(fā)，從中推導(dǎo)出了乘客行為的影響因素，，結(jié)合車站火災(zāi)的特點(diǎn)，得到了乘客在發(fā)生火災(zāi)時可能出現(xiàn)的特殊行為及其危害。 在國內(nèi)外常見人員疏散模型的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合元胞自動機(jī)建立了乘客疏散行為模型。在模型中以靜態(tài)場、動態(tài)場作為乘客疏散的重要影響因素，以火場空氣溫度擴(kuò)散場作為主要影響因素。 根據(jù)乘客疏散行為模型，編寫了地鐵車站火災(zāi)疏散乘客行為仿真計算機(jī)程序，以某地鐵車站為例進(jìn)行了緊急疏散全過程仿真，分析了影響疏散的因素并提出了安全疏散建議。
[Abstract]:Subway is an important part of urban rail transit, and has become the first choice for solving the problem of urban passenger transport in the world. However, because of its special building structure, it is often difficult to rescue after the accident. Especially, the dense structure of subway station often causes serious casualties and property losses after fire. How to evacuate the personnel in the station in time becomes the important work of subway fire accident rescue. In order to enhance the safety design of subway station and improve the emergency level of safety evacuation, the study of passengers' behavior during fire is the basis of safe evacuation. The emergency evacuation behavior of passengers affects the progress of evacuation process. The analysis of the special behavior and influencing factors that may occur in fire evacuation is helpful to take corresponding countermeasures and reduce casualties in the event of accident evacuation. This paper summarizes the research results of walking behavior in general and special cases at home and abroad. According to the actual situation of our country, this paper makes the following research on the subway station passenger evacuation when the fire occurs: the special structure of the subway station and the characteristics of the subway station fire are analyzed. The effects of these special circumstances on the safety and evacuation of passengers are studied, and the safety design specifications and fire safety evacuation standards are summarized. Based on the mechanism of passenger behavior, the influencing factors of passenger behavior are deduced. Combined with the characteristics of station fire, the possible special behavior and its harm of passengers in fire are obtained. Based on the common evacuation models at home and abroad, the passenger evacuation behavior model is established with cellular automata. In the model, the static field, the dynamic field as the important factor of passenger evacuation, and the air temperature diffusion field of the fire site as the main influencing factors. According to the behavior model of passenger evacuation, a computer program is compiled to simulate the behavior of passengers evacuation in subway station fire. Taking a subway station as an example, the whole process of emergency evacuation is simulated. The factors affecting evacuation are analyzed and suggestions for safety evacuation are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石家莊鐵道大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U231.96;U298.2
本文編號：2388757
[Abstract]:Subway is an important part of urban rail transit, and has become the first choice for solving the problem of urban passenger transport in the world. However, because of its special building structure, it is often difficult to rescue after the accident. Especially, the dense structure of subway station often causes serious casualties and property losses after fire. How to evacuate the personnel in the station in time becomes the important work of subway fire accident rescue. In order to enhance the safety design of subway station and improve the emergency level of safety evacuation, the study of passengers' behavior during fire is the basis of safe evacuation. The emergency evacuation behavior of passengers affects the progress of evacuation process. The analysis of the special behavior and influencing factors that may occur in fire evacuation is helpful to take corresponding countermeasures and reduce casualties in the event of accident evacuation. This paper summarizes the research results of walking behavior in general and special cases at home and abroad. According to the actual situation of our country, this paper makes the following research on the subway station passenger evacuation when the fire occurs: the special structure of the subway station and the characteristics of the subway station fire are analyzed. The effects of these special circumstances on the safety and evacuation of passengers are studied, and the safety design specifications and fire safety evacuation standards are summarized. Based on the mechanism of passenger behavior, the influencing factors of passenger behavior are deduced. Combined with the characteristics of station fire, the possible special behavior and its harm of passengers in fire are obtained. Based on the common evacuation models at home and abroad, the passenger evacuation behavior model is established with cellular automata. In the model, the static field, the dynamic field as the important factor of passenger evacuation, and the air temperature diffusion field of the fire site as the main influencing factors. According to the behavior model of passenger evacuation, a computer program is compiled to simulate the behavior of passengers evacuation in subway station fire. Taking a subway station as an example, the whole process of emergency evacuation is simulated. The factors affecting evacuation are analyzed and suggestions for safety evacuation are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石家莊鐵道大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U231.96;U298.2
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