【摘要】：工作人員在操作活動(dòng)中受到有毒物品侵害或遭遇不同種的安全事故而造成傷害人生健康及安全的危害稱為職業(yè)危害。直接職業(yè)危害指的是工作人員在生產(chǎn)過程中因受到有毒有害的物品侵害或遇到各種不安全因素而導(dǎo)致勞動(dòng)者的身體健康受到損害甚至危及生命的現(xiàn)象。冶金鋼鐵行業(yè)的職業(yè)危害有粉塵、毒物、高溫、振動(dòng)、噪聲。粉塵濃度超標(biāo)和大量的患病人數(shù)是導(dǎo)致粉塵發(fā)病率高的直接原因。職業(yè)危害的發(fā)生后不僅會(huì)直接損害勞動(dòng)者的身體健康甚至?xí)＜吧踩?而且還會(huì)影響整個(gè)社會(huì)的安全以及穩(wěn)定,甚至?xí)䲟p害我國在國際中的形象,因此必須高度重視職業(yè)危害的防治工作。三煉鋼廠是邯鋼公司主體生產(chǎn)廠,成立于1994年,承負(fù)著公司生產(chǎn)中心環(huán)節(jié)和鋼后品質(zhì)增效的重要任務(wù)�，F(xiàn)有4座100噸頂?shù)讖?fù)吹轉(zhuǎn)爐、4座LF精煉爐、1座雙工位RH真空精煉爐、2臺(tái)板坯連鑄機(jī)、1臺(tái)8機(jī)8流方坯連鑄機(jī),具備年產(chǎn)合格連鑄坯400萬噸的能力。本文以邯鋼三煉鋼廠為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)生產(chǎn)過程中的職業(yè)危害進(jìn)行了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析。通過對(duì)總體布局和生產(chǎn)工藝、設(shè)備布局進(jìn)行分析檢查,了解在總體布局、生主工藝和設(shè)備等方面與國家有關(guān)規(guī)范是否符合。通過對(duì)各個(gè)工種和各個(gè)作業(yè)場(chǎng)的職業(yè)危害因素進(jìn)行了辨識(shí)可知,主要的危害因素有一氧化碳中毒、粉塵、高溫、噪聲、電離輻射等。對(duì)各個(gè)作業(yè)場(chǎng)所職業(yè)危害作業(yè)進(jìn)行了分級(jí)。作業(yè)場(chǎng)所粉塵作業(yè)分級(jí)為0級(jí)(相對(duì)無害作業(yè));1#轉(zhuǎn)爐爐前、1#轉(zhuǎn)爐主控室、烤包、1#LF精煉爐、1#LF精煉爐主控室有毒作業(yè)分級(jí)為Ⅲ級(jí)(重度危害作業(yè)),方坯連鑄平臺(tái)有毒作業(yè)分級(jí)為0級(jí)(相對(duì)無害作業(yè));切割機(jī)以外的其他地點(diǎn)噪聲作業(yè)為0級(jí)安全作業(yè),切割機(jī)作業(yè)為Ⅰ級(jí)輕度危害;1#LF精煉爐為Ⅳ級(jí)極重度危害作業(yè),轉(zhuǎn)爐爐前、烤包、方坯連鑄平臺(tái)、鋼坯存放區(qū)均為Ⅰ級(jí)輕度危害作業(yè),連鑄板二澆鋼平臺(tái)、切割機(jī)未達(dá)到輕度危害作業(yè)(Ⅰ級(jí))。根據(jù)分析結(jié)果和生產(chǎn)工藝實(shí)際,制定了預(yù)防爆氣泄漏中毒、防塵、防燥、防高溫等職業(yè)安全控制措施。
[Abstract]:It is called occupational hazard that staff members are harmed by toxic substances or suffered different kinds of safety accidents in operation activities, which cause harm to life health and safety. Direct occupational hazard refers to the phenomenon that workers' physical health is damaged or even their lives are endangered due to the injury of toxic and harmful substances or various unsafe factors in the process of production. The occupational hazards of metallurgical steel industry include dust, poison, high temperature, vibration and noise. Excessive dust concentration and a large number of patients are the direct causes of high dust incidence. The occurrence of occupational hazards will not only directly damage the physical health of workers and even endanger the safety of their lives, but also affect the safety and stability of the whole society, and even damage the image of our country in the international community. Therefore, we must attach great importance to the prevention and control of occupational hazards. The No.3 steelmaking Plant is the main production plant of Handan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., which was established in 1994. It is responsible for the important task of the production center of Handan Iron and Steel Co. There are 4 100t top and bottom combined blowing converters, 4 LF refining furnaces, 1 double station RH vacuum refining furnace, 2 slab caster, 1 8 machine 8 flow billet continuous casting machine, with the capacity of 4 million tons of qualified continuous casting billet per year. Taking No.3 steelmaking Plant of Handan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd as the research object, the risk analysis of occupational hazards in production process is carried out in this paper. Through the overall layout and production process, equipment layout analysis and inspection, to understand the overall layout, main production process and equipment and other aspects of compliance with the relevant national norms. Based on the identification of occupational hazard factors in various work types and workplaces, it can be seen that the main hazard factors are carbon monoxide poisoning, dust, high temperature, noise, ionizing radiation and so on. The occupational hazard operations in each workplace were classified. The grade of dust work in the workplace is 0 (relatively harmless); In front of the converter, the toxic operation of the main control room of the 1# converter, the roasting bag, the 1#LF refining furnace and the 1#LF refining furnace is classified as grade 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：2351428