【摘要】：煤層瓦斯的有效抽采，對安全、高效的煤礦開采具有重要意義。利用徑向水平井技術(shù)，在原有煤層巷道卸壓主孔內(nèi)，鉆出多個水平分支孔，對于提高瓦斯抽采效果具有促進(jìn)作用。根據(jù)煤層卸壓主孔空間狹小、工況惡劣的特點，對煤層垂直分支孔鉆進(jìn)總成進(jìn)行了概念設(shè)計，確定鉆進(jìn)總成由工具殼體、導(dǎo)向單元、送進(jìn)單元三部分組成。 鉆管是輔助鉆頭完成90°轉(zhuǎn)向，鉆出分支孔的關(guān)鍵部件。為確定鉆管參數(shù)，進(jìn)行了室內(nèi)鉆管選優(yōu)實驗，測定了四種不同外徑、壁厚、材料的鉆管通過導(dǎo)向軌道的轉(zhuǎn)向阻力，研究了各鉆管參數(shù)對轉(zhuǎn)向阻力的影響規(guī)律。實驗表明：無內(nèi)壓條件下，其他參數(shù)相同時，鉆管外徑越小轉(zhuǎn)向阻力越�。槐诤裨叫∞D(zhuǎn)向阻力越�。凰苄詮姸仍叫∞D(zhuǎn)向阻力越小。據(jù)此選定了不銹鋼作為鉆管材料，并利用理論計算結(jié)合實驗的方法進(jìn)行了抗內(nèi)壓校核。 利用理論計算，分析了導(dǎo)向單元轉(zhuǎn)向阻力的影響因素，，發(fā)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)向半徑及較直偏量對轉(zhuǎn)向阻力影響較大，據(jù)此初步設(shè)計了導(dǎo)向軌跡。為了減小轉(zhuǎn)向阻力，對鉆管轉(zhuǎn)向過程進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬，觀測了鉆管的應(yīng)力分布，分析了轉(zhuǎn)向阻力隨送進(jìn)距離的變化規(guī)律。模擬發(fā)現(xiàn)，轉(zhuǎn)向阻力在導(dǎo)向軌跡曲率改變處增大，且與曲率改變量呈正相關(guān)。據(jù)此優(yōu)化了導(dǎo)向軌跡，數(shù)值模擬表明，優(yōu)化后轉(zhuǎn)向阻力降低了13.7%。 針對送進(jìn)單元中鉆管屈曲的現(xiàn)象，進(jìn)行了非線性屈曲模擬，發(fā)現(xiàn)鉆管在扶正筒內(nèi)呈正弦屈曲，由于塑性屈服而失效。同時分析了鉆管長度、扶正筒內(nèi)徑對最大軸向力的影響規(guī)律，發(fā)現(xiàn)其他參數(shù)相同時，鉆管長度越大，最大軸向力越大；扶正筒內(nèi)徑越大，最大軸向力越小。最后，結(jié)合轉(zhuǎn)向阻力設(shè)計了導(dǎo)向單元幾何參數(shù)。
[Abstract]:The effective drainage of coal seam gas is of great significance to the safe and efficient mining of coal mines. By using radial horizontal well technology, several horizontal branch holes are drilled out in the main pressure relief hole of the original coal seam roadway, which can improve the gas drainage effect. According to the characteristics of the coal seam pressure relief main hole space is narrow and the working condition is bad, the concept design of the vertical branch hole drilling assembly of coal seam is carried out, and it is determined that the drilling assembly is composed of tool shell, guide unit and feed unit. The drill pipe is the key component to assist the drill to complete 90 擄steering and drill out the branch hole. In order to determine the parameters of drilling pipe, an indoor drilling pipe selection experiment was carried out, and the steering resistance of four kinds of drilling pipes with different external diameters, wall thickness and material through the guide track was measured, and the influence of the drilling pipe parameters on the steering resistance was studied. The experimental results show that the smaller the diameter of the drill pipe the smaller the steering resistance the smaller the wall thickness the smaller the steering resistance and the smaller the plastic strength when the other parameters are the same without internal pressure. Stainless steel was selected as drilling pipe material, and the internal pressure resistance was checked by theoretical calculation combined with experimental method. Based on the theoretical calculation, the factors affecting steering resistance of steering unit are analyzed. It is found that the steering radius and direct deviation have great influence on steering resistance. Based on this, the steering trajectory is preliminarily designed. In order to reduce steering resistance, the steering process of drill pipe was simulated, the stress distribution of drill pipe was observed, and the variation law of steering resistance with feeding distance was analyzed. It is found that the steering resistance increases at the curvature change of the steering trajectory and is positively correlated with the curvature change. Based on this, the steering trajectory is optimized and the numerical simulation shows that the steering resistance is reduced by 13.7% after optimization. The nonlinear buckling simulation of drill pipe in the feed element is carried out. It is found that the drill pipe is sinusoidal buckling in the centralizing tube and fails due to plastic yield. At the same time, the influence of the length of drilling pipe and the inner diameter of the centralizer on the maximum axial force is analyzed. It is found that the greater the length of drilling pipe, the greater the maximum axial force and the smaller the maximum axial force when other parameters are the same. Finally, the geometric parameters of the steering unit are designed according to the steering resistance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國石油大學(xué)（華東）
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TD712.63

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