【摘要】：綜采工作面在我國礦井中普遍存在,隨著采煤技術(shù)及設(shè)備的發(fā)展,一次性采全高的采煤工藝被廣泛應(yīng)用,這使得綜采工作面的采煤設(shè)備體積更大、功率更高,從而導(dǎo)致現(xiàn)場粉塵濃度大大提高,與此同時,復(fù)雜的采煤空間誘導(dǎo)風(fēng)流發(fā)生復(fù)雜流動,這使得高濃度粉塵發(fā)生難以預(yù)測的彌散污染,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致降塵設(shè)備難以達(dá)到滿意的降塵效果,居高不下的粉塵尤其是呼塵嚴(yán)重威脅著礦井的安全生產(chǎn)和井下工人的生命安全。由此可見,研究確定綜采面呼塵彌散污染規(guī)律,進(jìn)而優(yōu)化設(shè)計一套行之有效的煤塵清潔系統(tǒng)勢在必行,同時,對于科學(xué)指導(dǎo)現(xiàn)場粉塵治理、職業(yè)病防治、設(shè)備研發(fā)以及高效生產(chǎn)均具有十分重要的意義。鑒于此,本文采用理論分析、實(shí)驗測試、數(shù)值模擬及現(xiàn)場應(yīng)用相結(jié)合的方法,從宏細(xì)觀層面對綜采工作面的呼塵彌散污染規(guī)律進(jìn)行了較為深入的研究,并結(jié)合呼塵污染特性和現(xiàn)有的除塵措施和方法,優(yōu)化了煤塵清潔系統(tǒng),并進(jìn)行了工程應(yīng)用,從而逐步展開了“綜采面風(fēng)流-呼塵宏細(xì)觀流動-彌散污染規(guī)律數(shù)值模擬研究”的課題。首先建立了風(fēng)流-呼塵運(yùn)動數(shù)學(xué)模型,結(jié)合SolidWorks、DesignModeler等CAD軟件對綜采工作面進(jìn)行了等比例的精細(xì)化幾何建模,同時根據(jù)工作面塵源特點(diǎn)將綜采工作面劃分為移架完成區(qū)、采煤區(qū)以及未采區(qū)。根據(jù)流體及粉塵彌散流動特點(diǎn),通過ANSYS ICEM CFD對不同的區(qū)域設(shè)定個性化網(wǎng)格劃分參數(shù),從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對重點(diǎn)污染區(qū)域的精確求解。接著,在現(xiàn)場相應(yīng)塵源附近布置多個采樣點(diǎn),采集塵源處的全塵及呼塵顆粒,通過對采樣粉塵進(jìn)行顯微顆粒圖像分析,得到各塵源的粉塵粒徑頻率分布等參數(shù),發(fā)現(xiàn)在呼塵范圍內(nèi)2 ～4 μm的粉塵占比最大,是呼塵污染防治的重中之重,所得數(shù)據(jù)將作為數(shù)值模擬粉塵參數(shù)設(shè)定的科學(xué)依據(jù)。然后,利用ANSYS Fluent軟件數(shù)值模擬研究了風(fēng)速對綜采工作面呼塵彌散污染行為的影響,得到了呼吸帶高度呼塵質(zhì)量濃度和風(fēng)速之間的擬合函數(shù),研究發(fā)現(xiàn)其最佳通風(fēng)除塵風(fēng)速范圍為1.5～2.0m/s,完善了風(fēng)速對呼塵彌散影響的相關(guān)理論。與此同時,結(jié)合最佳風(fēng)速條件進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,借助風(fēng)流流線和呼塵跡線研究確定了最高風(fēng)速區(qū)及高濃度呼塵團(tuán)的性質(zhì)與成因。在此基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合呼塵顆粒細(xì)觀彌散情況,首次從細(xì)觀層面對綜采工作面呼塵彌散污染規(guī)律進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬研究,并從細(xì)觀層面探究了三大呼塵顆粒在時間尺度下的空間位置、速度、沉降、彌散時間等參數(shù)的演化規(guī)律。最后,根據(jù)呼塵的擴(kuò)散污染特性優(yōu)化設(shè)計了綜采工作面新型煤塵清潔系統(tǒng),并在大柳塔煤礦52305-1綜采工作面進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場應(yīng)用,應(yīng)用后的現(xiàn)場粉塵濃度大大降低,全塵及呼塵的平均降塵率分別達(dá)到90.10%、90.03%,降塵效果明顯,工作面的環(huán)境和勞動衛(wèi)生條件有一定的改善。
[Abstract]:With the development of coal mining technology and equipment, the fully high mining technology of one-off mining is widely used, which makes the coal mining equipment of fully mechanized mining face larger in volume and higher in power. Therefore, the dust concentration in the field is greatly increased, and at the same time, the complicated coal mining space induces the complicated air flow, which makes the high concentration dust have the unpredictable dispersion pollution. Therefore, it is difficult for dust control equipment to achieve satisfactory dust lowering effect. The high dust, especially the exhaling dust, is a serious threat to the safety of mine production and the life safety of underground workers. It can be seen that it is imperative to study and determine the law of dust dispersion in fully mechanized coal face, and then to optimize and design a set of effective coal dust cleaning system. At the same time, it is imperative to scientifically guide the field dust control and occupational disease prevention. Equipment research and development and efficient production are of great significance. In view of this, this paper uses the methods of theoretical analysis, experimental test, numerical simulation and field application to study thoroughly the law of dust dispersion pollution in fully-mechanized mining face from macro and meso level. Combined with the pollution characteristics of exhaling dust and the existing measures and methods of dust removal, the coal dust cleaning system was optimized, and the engineering application was carried out. Thus, the subject of "numerical simulation study on the law of air flow, macro flow and dispersion pollution in fully mechanized coal face" has been carried out step by step. Firstly, the mathematical model of air-flow-exhalation movement is established, and the geometric modeling of the fully mechanized coal face is carried out in equal proportion with CAD software such as SolidWorks,DesignModeler. At the same time, according to the characteristics of dust source in the working face, the fully mechanized mining face is divided into the complete area of moving frame. Mining areas and unmined areas. According to the characteristics of fluid and dust dispersion flow, the individualized grid parameters are set up for different areas by ANSYS ICEM CFD, so that the accurate solution of the key polluted areas can be realized. Then, a number of sampling points are arranged near the corresponding dust sources in the field to collect all dust and exhaled dust particles in the dust source. By analyzing the microscopic particle image of the sampled dust, the particle size and frequency distribution parameters of each dust source are obtained. It is found that the dust in the range of 2 ~ 4 渭 m is the most important in the prevention and control of dust pollution. The obtained data will be used as the scientific basis for the setting of dust parameters in numerical simulation. Then, the influence of wind speed on the dispersion of dust in fully mechanized coal mining face is studied by using ANSYS Fluent software, and the fitting function between the mass concentration and wind speed of breathing zone height is obtained. It is found that the best ventilation and dust removal velocity range is 1.5 V 2.0 m / s, which improves the theory of the influence of wind speed on the dispersion of respiratory dust. At the same time, combined with the optimal wind speed conditions, the properties and causes of the highest wind speed and high concentration dust mass were determined by the study of the flow streamline and the air flow trace. On this basis, combined with the micro-dispersion of exhaling dust particles, the first numerical simulation of dust dispersion in fully mechanized coal mining face is carried out from the meso level, and the spatial position of the three large dust particles in time scale is explored from the meso level. The evolution law of velocity, settlement, dispersion time and so on. Finally, a new coal dust cleaning system is designed optimally according to the diffusive pollution characteristics of exhaling dust in fully mechanized coal mining face, and it is applied to 52305-1 fully mechanized coal mining face of Daliuta Coal Mine. The dust concentration in the field is greatly reduced after the application. The average dedusting rate of all dust and exhaling dust was 90.1010 and 90.03 respectively. The dust control effect was obvious and the working environment and working hygiene conditions were improved to some extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD714

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